Serum glucose determination

White V E, Welch MJ, Sun T, Sniegoski LT, Schaffer R, Hertz HS, and Cohen A (1982) The accurate determination of serum glucose by isotope dilution/mass spectrometry - two methods. Biomed Mass Spectrom 9 395-405. 

Normal Rabbits. Six male, white rabbits (2.5 - 3.0 kg) were housed individually. Animals were fasted overnight for 16 hours (with access to water) prior to each experiment to reduce the gastrointestinal content and absorption variability. After treatment with either a control dose or experimental insulin in poly(acrylic acid) resin dose, a one week washout period was required before the next experiment. The protocol called for blood samples to be taken from an indwelling ear catheter at -1, -.5, -.25, +.5, +1, +1.5, +2, +3, +4, +5 and +6 hours. Serum glucose levels were determined by an oxidase colorimetric method using the Sigma 510 Glucose Kit. 

K7a. Klein, B., and Lucas, L. B., Application of Fe(ll)-5-pyridylbenzodiazepin-2-ones to the automated determination of plasma or serum glucose. Clin. Chem. 17, 97-102 (1971). 

An intravenous line should be placed and blood drawn for serum glucose and other routine determinations. 

Serum Preparation Whole blood was collected after decapitation of the animal and allowed to clot at room temperature for 30 min. The serum was then separated from the clot by centrifugation at 5000 rpm at U C. Aliquots of the serum were immediately taken and refrigerated for the determination of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase. An additional 0.5 ml of serum from each animal was treated with a few milligrams of sodium fluoride and refrigerated for later glucose determinations. The rest of the serum was frozen for the remainder of the clinical chemistry determinations. 

Apart from the fact that a linear calibration can be performed, bracketing offers excellent precision and accuracy. With the determination of serum cholesterol as an example, Cohen et al. (1980) showed that the replication error on five different serum pools was characterized by a CV of 0.17% with a set-to-set variability of 0.32%. For each serum average, a standard error (considering all causes of variability combined) of 0.16% CV was obtained. The undetected systematic error (bias) in this study was estimated to be smaller than 0.5%, while White et al. (1982), using two different IDMS methods, found serum glucose concentrations to agree within 1%. 

White, E. V., Welch, M. J., Sun, T., Sniegoski, L. T., Schaffer, R., Hertz, M. S., and Cohen, A. (1982). The accurate determination of serum glucose by isotope dilution mass spectrometry—two methods. Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 9, 395-405. 

Method Oral administration of 200 mg/kg BW fructose in a 20% solution over a period of 30 minutes. After establishing the initial values, both glucose and phosphate are determined every 10 minutes after 1 hour, the intervals are extended to 30 minutes. The test findings are pathological when serum glucose decreases to < 40 mg/dl and phosphate to <1.5 mg/dl. Hypoglycaemia requires an immediate i.v. glucose infusion. 

S91 Wilsey, C., Kurchacova, E. and Ide, R. (1984). A solid-phase reagent strip test for the colorimetric determination of serum glucose on the Seralyzer reflectance photometer. Clin. Chem. 30, 969, Abstr. 149. 

Sundaram PV, Blumenberg B, Hinsch W. Routine glucose determination in serum by use of an immobilized glucose dehydrogenase nylon-tube reactor. Clin Chem 1979 25 1436-9. 

Weissman M, Klein B. Evaluation of glucose determinations in untreated serum samples. Clin Chem 1958 4 420-2. 

Homogeneous enzyme immunoassays have also been developed for serum T4 determination. These procedures are rapid and simple to use and have also been applied to several major automated instruments.For example, the enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) for T4 measurement uses glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase covalently hnked to T4 as the enzyme label.Binding of T4 specific antibody to this label reduces enzyme activity, perhaps as a result of steric or allosteric inhibition As the concentration of unlabeled T4 increases, less enzyme-labeled hormone is bound by the antibody. As a result, the catalytic activity of the unbound enzyme conjugate increases in direct proportion to the amount of T4 in the specimen. The indicator reaction involves oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate with simultaneous reduction of nicotinamide-adenine dinu-... 

Nozaki O, Munesue M, Kawamoto H. Determination of serum glucose by horseradish peroxidase-catalysed imidazole chemiluminescence coupled to a micro-flow-injection system. Luminescence. 2007 22 401-6. 

In vivo, large changes in serum glucose were measured. The biggest changes occurred with pulsed direct current as opposed to direct current. In vitro, efforts were made to determine the nature of the barrier to ion-... 

A total of 6,629 consecutive serum urate determinations were monitored at two large hospitals in Durham, North Carolina. Hypouricemia was defined as a serum urate concentration of 2 mg/100 ml or less. Periodic checks showed that a value in this range was always more than two standard deviations below the mean of measurements made at either hospital on a given day. When significant hypouricemia was noted, the patient and his record was examined to determine the cause. If an obvious cause could not be ascertained by this method, another serum sample was obtained for measurement of uric acid, creatinine, phosphate, and salicylate, and a 24 hour urine specimen was collected in order to estimate uric acid, oxypurine, creatinine, phosphate, glucose, amino acid, and porphobilinogen excretion. 

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