Amine INDEX

Pines and Haag studied the correlation between trimethylamine adsorption and catalytic activities of aluminas for isomerization and dehydration (36). From the results obtained they reached the following general conclusions (a) there is a satisfactory correlation between catalytic activity and amine chemisorption values for aluminas obtained from the same methods of preparation—both measure acidity (6) there is no satisfactory correlation between catalytic activity and amine index of aluminas obtained from different sources. 

The amount and ratios of BAs in food can serve as quality indicators via the biogenic amine index (BAI), introduced by Karmas (24) and calculated from the most abundant BAs in fish and food according to the following equation ... 

By now this basic formulation has had many interpretations. For example (Activity) has been used to refer to coke-on-catalyst, amine index of the material, reference to conversion in some specific chemical test who knows what else. The value of n, reported in various studies as ranging from 0 to 12, has been represented to indicate diffusion control (0.5) up to essentially "... we don t know what is going on here. .. (12). .. ". The factor is a proportionality constant specific to catalyst, operating conditions and chemical reaction. Voorhies model, based on time-on-stream observations, is obviously not general, but it is a good place to start. 

Oral ingestion of up to 1 mmol (ca. 100 mg) of histamine does not elicit toxic symptoms in normal individuals (Motil and Scrimshaw, 1979). However, vasodilation and increased heart rate result on intravenous administration of 0.07 /imol, demonstrating the importance of histamine-metabolizing enzymes in the digestive tract. More research is needed to define nontoxic levels of histamine in foods which may contain other substances that potentiate the action of histamine, e.g., putrescine and cadaver-ine (Bjeldanes etal., 1978). Construction of an overall biogenic amine index may be valuable for the establishment of regulatory fimits (Joosten, 1988). 

Of the biogenic amines produced on the decarboxylation of amino acids (cf. 10.2.8.3), histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine have been identified in beef and pork. Since these substances are microbial metabolic products, they were the proposed indicators of microbial quality and were listed in the biogenic amine index (BAI = concentration of the four amines in mg/kg). A BAI value of <5 indicates clean meat, 5-20... 

In the flask were placed 10.0 g of the propargylic amine (see Chapter lIII-5, Exp. 1). The air in the flask was replaced with nitrogen and a solution of 0.01 mol of KO-tert.-Ci,H,3 in 10 g of THF (free from hydroperoxide) was added. The mixture was warmed at about 40 C. A weakly exothermic reaction was observed and the temperature rose to about 45°C. After 1-2 min the gel originally present, had disappeared almost completely and a brown solution had formed. The refractive index of the solution (note 1) was measured after intervals of about 2 min. After the... 

Table 4 lists the specifications set by Du Pont, the largest U.S. producer of DMF (4). Water in DMF is deterrnined either by Kad Fischer titration or by gas chromatography. The chromatographic method is more rehable at lower levels of water (<500 ppm) (4). DMF purity is deterrnined by gc. For specialized laboratory appHcations, conductivity measurements have been used as an indication of purity (27). DMF in water can be measured by refractive index, hydrolysis to DMA followed by titration of the Hberated amine, or, most conveniendy, by infrared analysis. A band at 1087 cm is used for the ir analysis. 

Cycloaliphatic amine CAS Registry Number Molecular formula Boiling point, °C Flash point, °C Specific gravity, g/mL Refractive index. 

On the basis of data obtained the possibility of substrates distribution and their D-values prediction using the regressions which consider the hydrophobicity and stmcture of amines was investigated. The hydrophobicity of amines was estimated by the distribution coefficient value in the water-octanole system (Ig P). The molecular structure of aromatic amines was characterized by the first-order molecular connectivity indexes ( x)- H was shown the independent and cooperative influence of the Ig P and parameters of amines on their distribution. Evidently, this fact demonstrates the host-guest phenomenon which is inherent to the organized media. The obtained in the research data were used for optimization of the conditions of micellar-extraction preconcentrating of metal ions with amines into the NS-rich phase with the following determination by atomic-absorption method. 

Eor amine-containing polymers, DMF is often a good choice of solvent. DMF can also be a good choice for polymers of higher carboxylic acid content. However, DMF does present some experimental difficulties. It must be run at an elevated temperature, typically 60°C, because of its viscosity. Also, because most polymers have a much lower refractive index response in DMF, the signal-to-noise ratio for a polymer in this solvent is diminished versus the same ratio for common acrylates in THF. 

The residue comprising chiefly cyclopentylacetonitrile is washed with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove any amine which may have been formed during the hydrogenation process, and the organic residue comprising cyclopentylacetonitrile is dissolved in ether, the ether solution dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilled. The cyclopentylacetonitrile boils at 185° to 187°C and has a refractive index of no = 1.4456. 

Common names of the compounds arc used throughout this volume. Preparations appear in the alphabetical order of common names of the compound or names of the synthetic procedures. The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the common name, is given as a subtitle. Because of the major shift to new systematic nomenclature adopted by Chemical Abstracts in 1972, many common names used in the text are immediately followed by the bracketed, new names. Whenever two names are concurrently in use, the correct Chemical Abstracts name is adopted. The prefix n- is deleted from w-alkanes and w-alkyls. In the case of amines, both the common and systematic names are used, depending on which one the Editor-in-Chief feels is more appropriate. All reported dimensions are now expressed in Systeme International units. 

Examples of the protection of alkynes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, amides, amines, esters, ketones, and alkenes are also indexed on p. xvii. Section (designated with an A 15A, 30A, etc.) with protecting group reactions are located at the end of pertinent chapters. 

Such difficulties prompted research workers to look for some other index of NT function in humans. These range from studies on platelets, such as abnormalities in their amine uptake and MAO activity in depressed patients, to changes in the secretion of a hormone known to be controlled by a particular NT. Thus if NA controls growth hormone release, and the secretion of the hormone is changed in depressed patients, does that confirm a role for NA in the mediation of depression ... 

There have been some examples of the use of LDMS applied to the analysis of compounds separated via TLC, although not specifically dealing with polymer additives [852]. Dewey and Finney [838] have described direct TLC-spectroscopy and TLC-LMMS as applied to the analysis of lubricating oil additives (phenolic and amine antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors and metal deactivators). Also a series of general organics and ionic surfactants were analysed by means of direct normal-phase HPTLC-LMMS [837]. Novak and Hercules [858] have... 

The behavior of the different amines depends on at least four factors basicity, nucleophilicity, steric hindrance and solvation. In the literature (16), 126 aliphatic and aromatic amines have been classified by a statistical analysis of the data for the following parameters molar mass (mm), refractive index (nD), density (d), boiling point (bp), molar volume, and pKa. On such a premise, a Cartesian co-ordinate graph places the amines in four quadrants (16). In our preliminary tests, amines representative of each quadrant have been investigated, and chosen by consideration of their toxicity, commercial availability and price (Table 1). 

Although treated as separate classes in the Colour Index, these structural types are closely related and the few diphenylmethane dyes such as auramine (1.28 Cl Basic Yellow 2) are now of little practical interest. Commercial usage of the triarylmethane dyes and pigments has also declined considerably in favour of the major chemical classes. They were formerly noteworthy contributors to the acid, basic, mordant and solvent ranges, primarily in the violet, blue and green sectors. Numerous structural examples are recorded in the Colour Index. The terminal groupings can be amine/quinonimine, as in auramine and crystal violet (1.29 Cl Basic Violet 3), hydroxy/quinone, or both. The aryl nuclei are not always benzenoid (section 6.5). 

In the Colour Index both conventional sulphur dyes and their leuco counterparts are allocated the same Cl constitution number a different number is given to the related solubilised version. Thus, for example, Cl Sulphur Black 1 and Cl Leuco Sulphur Black 1 have the reference Cl 53185 whereas Cl Solubilised Sulphur Black 1 appears under Cl 53186. Because of the complexity of the final products, sulphur dyes are classified according to the chemical structure of the organic starting material that predominates in the manufacturing process. Typical intermediates include aromatic amines, with or without nitro and phenolic groups, and diphenylamine derivatives. 

The most important route to 1-acylaminoanthraquinones involves reaction of 1-aminoanthraquinone with acid chlorides in an organic solvent. Reaction of 1-aminoanthraquinone with benzoylchloride in nitrobenzene at 100 to 150°C affords 1-benzoylaminoanthraquinone, a yellow pigment which is registered as Colour Index Constitution No. 60515. The reaction may also be performed in the presence of a tertiary amine, which acts as a proton acceptor ... 

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