Hardness temperature

Industry Turbidity, units Colo r, units Hardness Temperature, °C pH TDS SS SiO 2 Fe NaCl Cl SO 4 Alkalinity... 

Hardness-temperature graphs are quite variable from one material to another. There are no standard shapes of the curves even when the... 

For compounds the hardness-temperature curves are similar to those for the pure metals. Semi-logarithmic graphs of the data show two straight lines with the knees at about half the melting temperatures. For a dozen aluminides, Petty (1960) shows this. 

Relationship between hardness-temperature and sintering time for a-Al203 modified with MgO (0.6%),... 

Fig. 6.4.3. Hardness-temperature relationship f°r abrasive materials (on the basis of findings of Laladze et al., 1967).

Fig. 6.4.8. Hardness-temperature relationship for glass (1-3) and quartz (4). Glass processed from crystalline quartz (/), from fused silica (2) and Brasilian quartz (J). (After Westbrook, 1960)...

The choice of stabilizers used depends on the final formulation, i.e., aqueous suspension, non-aqueous suspension, wettable powder, dry flowable, etc. [4]. It may also be important to ensure stability of the formulation in tank mixes critical factors include water quality (pH, hardness, temperature, etc.), and the specific attributes of the mixes used. Use of surfactants, UV-protectants, humectants, and other diluents might be necessary to maximize the optimal application conditions and to ensiue stability of the active components on the foliage for extended biological efficacy. 

CORROSIVITY - An indication of the corrosiveness of the water of material. The corrosivity of a water as described by the water s pH, alkalinity, hardness, temperature, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen concentration and the Langerier Index. 

Section thickness is not uniform Knife angle too low block hard temperature not correct for specimen Adjust knife angle choose correct temperature retrim to improve shape... 

Figure 1 Hardness-temperature relationships for polymers of varying and degree of crosslinking (a) soft polymer, highly...

Metal treatment type Plasticising Resistant to abrasion Resistant to corrosion Thickness (mm) Hardness Temperature ran up to... 

These are also referred to as hard temperature control, if heat is drawn from the mould, and soft temperature control, if heat is to be supplied. Separate temperature control for the two halves of the mould is also important from this point of view. The parts of the mould on which the component is shrunk, such as cores, for example, will accept more heat, and thus will be more strongly heated, if they are not temperature controlled in a suitable fashion. Parts of the mould from which the component shrinks away accept less heat and will therefore remain colder without temperature control. In extreme cases, it can even happen that one half of the mould, with the core parts, has to be cooled, while the other half has to be heated, so as to obtain the same mould temperature in both halves of the mould. 

If hard temperature control is possible and neeessary, its quality has an essential part to play in whether the proeess is economically viable, because inadequate cooling means the cycle time is extended. The ejeetion losses here can be up to 100%. 

The cheapest fluid temperature control can be carried out using circuit water. Of course, it is only suitable for hard temperature control. For this purpose, a water distribution system is provided in all parts of the injection moulding machines, to which the temperature control circuits of the mould can be connected. The cooling intensity is set by the water throughput using valves. So as to obtain values with a certain amount of repeatability, throughput gauges and thermometers (in the counterflow) are required in each circuit. 

Oil is used as a temperature eontrol mediiun for cycle temperatures of over 95 °C. As a rule, a temperature range of 30 to 250 °C can be covered using these units, which can also be used for cycle temperatures below 95 °C. They are less suitable for hard temperature control, of course, as the heat absorption capacity of oil is smaller than that of water. Thus more heat can be transferred using water than oil, for the same amount of eirculated fluid. 

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