Electrode aluminum

In contrast with conjugated polymers, such as PPV, devices employing CN-PPV 47 as the emissive layer can achieve respectable internal efficiencies (ca. 0.2%) with both calcium and aluminum electrodes. EL efficiency may be further improved by employing a hole-transporting layer such as PPV in conjunction with... 

The film-destructive anions are CF, T, CIO4, SO4, etc. for iron electrodes and in addition to these ions, NOJ, SCN , etc. for aluminum electrodes.19 In many cases, the film-destructive anions are the anions of strong acids the most well-known and studied anion is the chloride anion. 

Coulomb blockade effects have been observed in a tunnel diode architectme consisting of an aluminum electrode covered by a six-layer LB film of eicosanoic acid, a layer of 3.8-nm CdSe nanoparticles capped with hexanethiol, and a gold electrode [166]. The LB film serves as a tunneling barrier between aluminum and the conduction band of the CdSe particles. The conductance versus applied voltage showed an onset of current flow near 0.7 V. The curve shows some small peaks as the current first rises that were attributed to surface states. The data could be fit using a tunneling model integrated between the bottom of the conduction band of the particles and the Fermi level of the aluminum electrode. 

M.H. Pournaghi-Azar and H. Dastangoo, Electrochemical characteristics of an aluminum electrode modified by a palladium hexacyanoferrate film, synthesized by a simple electroless procedure. J. Electroanal. Chem. 523, 26-33 (2002). 

H. Razmi and A. Azadbakht, Electrochemical characteristics of dopamine oxidation at palladium hexacyanoferrate film, electroless plated on aluminum electrode. Electrochim. Acta 50, 2193 (2005). 

M.H. Pournaghi-Azar and R. Sabzi, Preparation of a cobalt hexacyanoferrate film-modified aluminum electrode by chemical and electrochemical methods enhanced stability of the electrode in the presence of phosphate and ruthenium(III). J. Solid State Electrochem. 6, 553—559 (2002). 

A. Eftekhari, Aluminum electrode modified with manganese hexacyanoferrate as a chemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide. Talanta 55, 395 402 (2001). 

Although the ECL phenomenon is associated with many compounds, only four major chemical systems have so far been used for analytical purposes [9, 10], i.e., (1) the ECL of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous and nonaqueous media (2) methods based on the luminol reaction in an alkaline solution where the luminol can be electrochemically produced in the presence of the other ingredients of the CL reaction (3) methods based on the ECL reactions of rutheni-um(II) tra(2,2 -bipyridinc) complex, which is used as an ECL label for other non-ECL compounds such as tertiary amines or for the quantitation of persulfates and oxalate (this is the most interesting type of chemical system of the four) and (4) systems based on analytical properties of cathodic luminescence at an oxide-coated aluminum electrode. 

Haapakka and Kankare have studied this phenomenon and used it to determine various analytes that are active at the electrode surface [44-46], Some metal ions have been shown to catalyze ECL at oxide-covered aluminum electrodes during the reduction of hydrogen peroxide in particular. These include mercu-ry(I), mercury(II), copper(II), silver , and thallium , the latter determined to a detection limit of <10 10 M. The emission is enhanced by organic compounds that are themselves fluorescent or that form fluorescent chelates with the aluminum ion. Both salicylic acid and micelle solubilized polyaromatic hydrocarbons have been determined in this way to a limit of detection in the order of 10 8M. 

The use of sacrificial aluminum electrodes is also effective for the eleetrore-ductive synthesis of disilanes and polysilanes from monochlorosilanes and dichlorosilanes, respectively as reported by Nonaka et al. and Dunogues et al. independently [88],... 

Aluminum dichlorohydrate, antiperspirant ingredient, 7 848t Aluminum difluoride, 2 360, 361 Aluminum electrodes, standard potential, 3 413t... 

Finally, the wafer is immersed in acetone, and the Hft-off process is performed in an ultrasonic bath. The Pt metal layer showed good adhesion to the CMOS-aluminum electrodes and facihtated good electrical contact to the sensitive layer. 

Calculate the total potential of a similar cell with zinc and aluminum electrodes. Table 12-3 shows the two pertinent half-reactions. 

Such a cell with zinc and aluminum electrodes would have an overall potential of +0.90 volts, with aluminum being dissolved and zinc metal being deposited out of solution. 

An aluminum electrode modified by a chemically deposited palladium pen-tacyanonitrosylferrate film was reported in [33]. Vitreous carbon electrode modified with cobalt phthalocyanine was used in [34]. Electrocatalytic activity of nanos-tructured polymeric tetraruthenated porphyrin film was studied in [35]. Codeposition of Pt nanoparticles and Fe(III) species on glassy-carbon electrode resulted in significant catalytic activity in nitrite oxidation [36]. It was shown that the pho-tocatalytic oxidation at a Ti02/Ti film electrode can be electrochemically promoted [37]. 

Aluminum electrodes were applied to all wafers by evaporation from an induction heated source, and patterned as shown in Figure 1. 

Fadner (42) reported preliminary results of electrically initiated polymerization experiments where liquid vinyl monomers are isolated from the electrodes. Liquid ethyl acrylate, for example, absorbed on a filter paper was polymerized in an alternating electric field. The filter paper was sandwiched between two layers of 1.5-mil Mylar film and placed between flat, parallel aluminum electrodes. Conversions of monomer to polymer ranged from 10 to 85% in the range between 20 and 240 sec at up to 25 kcps power. Acrylic acid and its ester polymerized most readily, others, such as styrene and vinyl chloride, resulted only in low yields in the same condition. 

Suggest equilibria for the redox chemistry at an aluminum electrode and show how the potential can be related to the (Cl-] (page 374). 

Cathodic reduction of (chloromethyl)dimethylchlorosilane using an aluminum anode provided polycarbosilanes besides a large amount of di- and trisilacyclic compounds (equation 67)97. On the other hand, the electrolysis in the presence of Me2SiCl2 gave bis(dimethylchlorosilyl)methane, a useful polycarbosilane precursor (equation 68)97. Similarly, polycarbosilanes were prepared from dichlorocarbosilanes using sacrificial aluminum electrodes in DME (equation 69)91. 

Example 7.10. Prins et al. [306] used electrowetting to control fluid motion in microchannels. To do so, they coated aluminum electrodes first with a 12 pm thick layer of parylene and then with a 10 nm thick fluoropolymer film. The channels were 0.35 mm wide. Due to the hydrophobic polymer water does not flow into the capillaries. Only after applying voltages of typically 200 V did the capillaries fill with water. When switching the voltage off, the water flowed out of the capillaries again. 

A. Eftekhari, Glycerol biosensor based on glycerol dehydrogenase incorporated into polyaniline modified aluminum electrode using hexacyano-ferrate as mediator, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 80(3) (2001) 283-289. 

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