Fluoropolymer films

Further optical oxygen sensors which have been developed are those of [Ir(LI I)(L)](PF6)2 and [Ir(L)2]PF6, LH = 2,6-bis(7 -methyl-4 -phenyl-2 -quinolyl)pyridine, immobilized in a polymeric matrix321, and [Ir( ppy)3]31 immobilized in fluoropolymer film.322... 

Example 7.10. Prins et al. [306] used electrowetting to control fluid motion in microchannels. To do so, they coated aluminum electrodes first with a 12 pm thick layer of parylene and then with a 10 nm thick fluoropolymer film. The channels were 0.35 mm wide. Due to the hydrophobic polymer water does not flow into the capillaries. Only after applying voltages of typically 200 V did the capillaries fill with water. When switching the voltage off, the water flowed out of the capillaries again. 

The Plasma Synthesis Of Ultra Thin Fluoropolymer Films... 

Figure 19. Component analysis of structural features in fluoropolymer films from RF plasmas excited in pentafluorobenzene (free-standing reactor (200ft))...

Metal Containing Fluoropolymer Films Produced by Simultaneous Plasma Etchii and Polymerization... 

S. Berry, J. Kedzierski, and B. Abedian, Low voltage electiowetting using thin fluoropolymer films. J. Colloid and Interface Sci. 303, 517-524 (2006). 

J. Kedzierski and S. Beny, Engineering the electrocapillary behavior of electrolyte droplets on thin fluoropolymer films Langmuir 22, 5690-5696... 

According to the test, five specimens (each 50 mm long, 100 mm wide, and 1 mm thick) are conditioned at ambient temperature as specified in the test, and placed in a forced draft oven equipped with a biaxial rotator. Specimens should be attached to the rotator by metal slips lined with fluoropolymer film and should not directly contact with the metal clips or metal parts of the oven. The frequency of rotation about the horizontal and vertical axes of the rotator should be 1-3 min . The time to failure is determined by regular visual examination of the specimens as the number of days after which the specimen shows localized crazing, crumbling, or discoloration, or a combination thereof. According to the standard procedure, the oven temperature shall be 150°C (302°F). 

Levyt has described a process for orienting fluoropolymer films using a combination of two rolls (Fig. 6.29) rotated at different speeds while the film was heated to a temperature above its second transition temperature, typically between 145°C and 175°C. Roll B rotates at a faster speed than roll A, resulting in the stretch, where the ratio of the speed of roll B to roll A is equal to the stretch ratio (SR). The stretched film was cooled below the second transition temperature of the pol5mier while it was held under tension. Levy reported that orientation in longitudinal direction (LD) imparted improvement in the mechanical property of the film in the transverse direction (TD). Table 6.13 shows the composition of ETFE and ECTFE resins in this study. Tables 6.14-6.16 present the properties of these resins as a function of stretch ratio. A stretch ratio of 0 was indicative of as-cast, unstretched film. Note that in the absence of any stretch in the transverse direction, with... 

In this section, we describe the optical oxygen-sensing properties of platinum porphyrin in new fluoropolymer films (poly(isobutylmethacrylate-co-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-methacrylate) (poly-IBMm-co-TFEM ) [62], poly(styrene-co-2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate) (poly-Stym-co-TFEM ) [63] and poly(sty-rene-co-pentafluorostyrene) (polySty -co-PFS ) [64] (chemical structures are shown in Fig. 10-2 for the synthesis of the copolymers see Experiment 10-2, Sections 10.1.5). 

PtOEP immobilized in fluoropolymer films showed luminescence at 645 nm when excited at the wavelength attributed to the Q-band (535.0 nm), as shown in Fig. 10-3. Parts (a), (b) and (c) show PtOEP immobilized in poly-IBM1-C0TFEM328, poly-Styi-co-TFEMo.62 poly-Styi-co-PFSo.21, respectively. The luminescence spectra were obtained under (1) argon-saturated, (2) air-saturated, and (3) oxygen-saturated conditions. In all cases, the luminescence intensity of the film depended on the oxygen concentration as shown in Fig. 10-3. 

Table 6-01. Film Properties of Honeywell Aclar Fluoropolymer Film...

Arcella V, Ghielmi A, Tommasi G. High performance per-fluoropolymer films and membranes. In Li NN, Drioh E, Ho WSW, Lipscomb GG (eds.). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 984, Advanced Membrane Technology. New York The New York Academy of Sciences, 2003, pp. 226-244. 

Ion-permeable membranes are also made by swelling existing films with styrene and DVB, which can then be post-treated to add functional groups, or by grafting of ion-exchange functional groups directly onto the polymer matrix of existing films. For example, free radicals formed by radiation of polyethylene or fluoropolymer films become sites for addition of vinyl sulfonic acid, acrylic acid or vinyl amines [30]. 

Corporation (Golden, CO). The reactor, 1.22m wide by 2.44 m, consisted of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic I-beam frame. A transparent fluoropolymer film, treated to accept adhesives, formed the front and back windows of the reactor. The film windows were attached to the reactor frame with foam tape coated on both sides with an acrylic adhesive. The catalyst, titanium dioxide (Degussa P25), was coated onto a structured, perforated polypropylene tubular packing commonly used in oil-water separators. The Ti02 was suspended in water as a slurry and sprayed onto the tubular supports with a new paint sprayer until the supports were opaque. Fluid modeling of airflow flnough the reactor showed that a 5.1 cm PVC manifold, located at the inlet and outlet of flie reactor, would provide an even flow distribution. Small (0.6 cm) holes, drilled into flie manifold at one inch intervals, provided the even flow distribution required for efficient contact of the contaminated air with the catalyst. 

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