Aluminum complexes nitrates

Chromium Chromate. Chromium chromate treatment baths are acidic and made up from sources of hexavalent chromium and complex fluoride, fluorosiHcate, fluorozirconate, fluorotitanate, and siHcofluorides. Optional additional components added to accelerate coating rate are free fluoride, ferricyanide, and other metal salts such as barium nitrate. Conversion coating on aluminum precedes by the following reactions (2,3,17) ... 

The rate (kinetics) and the completeness (fraction dissolved) of oxide fuel dissolution is an inverse function of fuel bum-up (16—18). This phenomenon becomes a significant concern in the dissolution of high bum-up MO fuels (19). The insoluble soHds are removed from the dissolver solution by either filtration or centrifugation prior to solvent extraction. Both financial considerations and the need for safeguards make accounting for the fissile content of the insoluble soHds an important challenge for the commercial reprocessor. If hydrofluoric acid is required to assist in the dissolution, the excess fluoride ion must be complexed with aluminum nitrate to minimize corrosion to the stainless steel used throughout the facility. Also, uranium fluoride complexes are inextractable and formation of them needs to be prevented. 

Other Uses. Photochromic glass contains silver chloride (80) and silver molybdate [13765-74-7] (81) (see Chromogenic materials). An apparatus coated with silver nitrate has been described for the detection of rain or snow (82). Treatment with silver-thiosulfate complex has been reported as dramatically increasing the post-harvest life of cut carnations (83). Silver sulfate has been used in the electrolytic coloring of aluminum (84). Silver sulfate also imparts a yellowish red color to glass bulbs (85). 

Dissolution. Plutonium is solubilized in nitric acid solutions at Rocky Flats. The feed material consists of oxide, metal and glass, dissolution heels, incinerator ash and sand, slag, and crucible from reduction operations. The residues are contacted with 12M HNO3 containing CaF2 or HF to hasten dissolution. Following dissolution, aluminum nitrate is added to these solutions to complex the excess fluoride ion. 

Goishi and Libby have investigated the extraction of pertechnetate from alkali solutions with pyridine. Later work showed that a better extraction is obtained using a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate as the aqueous phase. Since the uranyl carbonate complex is not extracted into pyridine, this system may be used for the separation of technetium from uranium. Distribution coefficients of fission products in pyridine are given in Table 4. Substituted pyridine such as 2,4-dimethylpyridine or 4-(5-nonyl)pyridine ) are useful for separating technetium from solutions containing appreciable amounts of aluminum nitrate. 

The precise reactions involving the decomposition of ammonium ions and nitrate ions at the anodic surface to form N-doped titania are currently unclear, and the subject of ongoing studies. However, the anodization of aluminum in nitric acid has been studied previously and is known to be relatively complex... 

From aqueous nitric acid solutions, aluminum gives hydrates Al(N03)3-nH20 (n = 6, 8 or 9) which contain the [Al(OH2)6]3+ complex (Section 25.1.5.1). A basic nitrate produced when A1(N03)3-9H20 is heated to 136 °C has the composition A1(0H)2N03-1.5H20.197 Further... 

Nickel compounds are of great importance industrially and a review is available on the use of nickel in heterogeneous catalysis, electroplating, batteries, pigments, ceramics and hydrogen storage.76 This concerns simple aqua complexes of nickel(II) with anions such as carbonate, halide, hydroxide, nitrate and sulfate. Nickel acetate and formate find similar use, and the acetate is employed in the sealing of anodized aluminum.77 [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 has been shown to be potentially applicable in heat pumps.78... 

Scientists at PNNL have developed an automated radiochemical sample preparation-separation-detection system for the determination of total "Tc in nuclear-waste process streams.46 85 86 144145 This analyzer was designed to support a technetium removal process planned as part of the development of a nuclear-waste processing plant. The process stream composition is both complex and variable, with a high pH, high salt matrix. Depending on the source of the feed, the total base content, the concentration of organics, and complexant concentrations will vary, as will the aluminum, nitrate, nitrite, dichromate, and radionuclide composition. 

Once mineral-bound aluminum is recovered from ores, it forms metal complexes or chelates. Examples of the different forms of aluminum include aluminum oxide, aluminum chlorhydrate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum lactate, aluminum phosphate, and aluminum nitrate. The metal itself is also used. With the exception of aluminum phosphide, the anionic component does not appear to influence toxicity, although it does appear to influence bioavailability. Aluminum phosphide, which is used as a pesticide, is more dangerous than the other forms however, this is because of the evolution of phosphine gas (a potent respiratory tract and systemic toxin) rather than to the exposure to aluminum. 

Aluminum occurs widely in nature in silicates such as micas and feldspars, complexed with sodium and fluorine as cryolite, and in bauxite rock, which is composed of hydrous aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, and impurities such as free silica (Cotton and Wilkinson 1988). Because of its reactivity, aluminum is not found as a free metal in nature (Bodek et al. 1988). Aluminum exhibits only one oxidation state (+3) in its compounds and its behavior in the environment is strongly influenced by its coordination chemistry. Aluminum partitions between solid and liquid phases by reacting and complexing with water molecules and anions such as chloride, fluoride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, and negatively charged functional groups on humic materials and clay. 

Aluminum hydroxy species, 65,69,160 Stability constants, 69 Stability diagrams, 78 pH of minimum solubility, 65, 71, 72 Ammonium, 326, 331 Volatilization, 330 Oxidation, 334-336,472 Nitrate, 334-336,472 Adsorption, 336,465-466 Metal-ammine complexes, 460—461, 465... 

Write the formulas for the following salts, by referring to Table 10-1 show the charges on the metal ion and on the complex anions sodium sulfate calcium silicate barium perchlorate beryllium carbonate aluminum nitrate aluminum sulfate aluminum phosphate potassium chlorate potassium sulfite. 

The Hydrolysis of Salts of Metals Other than the Alkalis and Alkaline Earths. The metal hydroxides other than the alkalis and alkaline earths are weak bases. Accordingly metal salts of strong acids, such as FeClg, CuSO, KA SOJo 12HoO (alum), etc., hydrolyze to produce acidic solutions the sour taste of these salts is characteristic. It is interesting that the hydrolysis of a metal salt need not produce the hydroxide of the metal, but may produce a soluble complex cation thus the hydrolysis of alum or of aluminum sulfate or nitrate takes place primarily according to the following equation ... 

Dissolution of the calcium fluoride in aluminum nitrate-nitric acid oxidizes the plutonium to the tetravalent hexanitrate complex (3), while the transplutonium nuclides remain in the trivalent state. The only actinides retained by a nitrate-form anion-exchange column are thorium, neptunium, and plutonium. The uranium distribution coeflBcient under these conditions is about ten, but uranium should not be present at this point since hexavalent uranium does not carry on calcium fluoride (4). 

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