Aluminum chlorhydrate

Aluminum Chlorhydrate (ACH), A12(0H)5C1 ACH reacts very similarly to PAC and is available only as a solution. It is a very highly basic product (80%). Upon dilution, PAC and ACH solutions tend to act as highly cationic polymers. After dilution and with time, they also begin to degrade and act like alum. This period may be on the order of 1 to 10 minutes, depending on pH level and temperature, The dose rate is similar to that of PAC. Good turbidity and color removal are achieved with ACH. 

ABMA ACH AGR AMP AMP American Boiler Manufacturers Association aluminum chlorhydrate advanced gas-cooled reactor aminotri-(methylenephosphonic acid) 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, AKA isobutanolamine... 

Once mineral-bound aluminum is recovered from ores, it forms metal complexes or chelates. Examples of the different forms of aluminum include aluminum oxide, aluminum chlorhydrate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum lactate, aluminum phosphate, and aluminum nitrate. The metal itself is also used. With the exception of aluminum phosphide, the anionic component does not appear to influence toxicity, although it does appear to influence bioavailability. Aluminum phosphide, which is used as a pesticide, is more dangerous than the other forms however, this is because of the evolution of phosphine gas (a potent respiratory tract and systemic toxin) rather than to the exposure to aluminum. 

Respiratory effects typically associated with inhalation of particulates and lung overload have been observed in animals. The pulmonary toxicity of alchlor (a propylene glycol complex of aluminum chlorhydrate), a common component of antiperspirants, was examined in hamsters in a series of studies conducted by Drew et al. (1974). A 3-day exposure to 31 or 33 mg Al/m3 resulted in moderate-to-marked thickening of the alveolar walls due to neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and small granulomatous foci at the bronchioloalveolar junction (a likely site of particulate deposition). A decrease in the severity of the pulmonary effects was observed in animals killed 3, 6, 10, or 27 days after exposure termination. Similar pulmonary effects were observed in rabbits exposed to 43 mg Al/m3 for 5 days (Drew et al. 

No histological alterations changes were observed in the hearts of Fischer 344 rats or Hartley guinea pigs exposed by inhalation (6 hours/day, 5 days/week) to 6.1 mg Al/m3 as aluminum chlorhydrate for 6 months (Steinhagen et al. 1978). These NOAEL values are recorded in Table 2-1 and plotted in Figure 2-1. 

Several animal studies indicate that aluminum is retained in the lung after inhalation exposure to aluminum oxide (Christie et al. 1963 Thomson et al. 1986) and aluminum chlorhydrate (Steinhagen et al. 1978 Stone et al. 1979). However, no significant increases in aluminum in tissues or serum were seen, indicating that lung retention rather than absorption was taking place (Steinhagen et al. 1978 Stone et al. 1979). 

No studies were located regarding aluminum absorption in humans after dermal exposure to aluminum or its compounds. Aluminum compounds are common additives in underarm antiperspirants. The active ingredient is usually an aluminum chlorhydrate salt, which is thought to form an obstructive plug of aluminum hydroxide within the sweat duct (Reiber et al. 1995). The possibility that aluminum in antiperspirants may be absorbed directly through the skin has been suggested (Graves et al. 1990), but this hypothesis has not been clinically confirmed. 

Granulomatous lesions have been observed in the hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes of animals exposed to aluminum powder (Thomson et al. 1986) or aluminum chlorhydrate (Steinhagen et al. 1978). Oral studies in mice found that developmental exposure to aluminum impaired the immune system in... 

In animals, information on effects from inhalation exposure is available for pure aluminum flakes, aluminum chlorhydrate antiperspirants, and a propylene glycol complex of aluminum chlorhydrate. 

Steinhagen WH, Cavender FL, Cockrell BY. 1978. Six month inhalation exposures of rats and guinea pigs to aluminum chlorhydrate. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1 267-277. 

Similarly, the nitride, carbide, cyanide, carboxylate, and carbonate salts of aluminum are unstable in aqueous solution. Aluminum salts of strong acids form solutions of the hydrated cation (see Hydrates). These solutions are acidic owing to the partial dissociation of one of the coordinated water molecules (equation 6), the p/fa of [A1(H20)6] + being 4.95 (see Acidity Constants). Note that this is quite similar to that of acetic acid. The second step in the hydrolysis reaction yields a dihydroxide species that undergoes condensation to form polynuclear cations (see Section 8). Antiperspirants often include an ingredient called aluminum chlorhydrate that is really a mixture of the chloride salts of the monohydroxide and dihydroxide aluminum cations. The aluminum in these compounds causes pores on the surface of the skin to contract leading to a reduction in perspiration. 

SYNS ALUMINUM CHLORHYDRATE ALUMINUM CHLORHYDROL ALUMINUM CHLORHYDROXIDE ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDROXIDE ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE CHLORIDE ALUAENUM HYDROXY-CHLORIDE ASTRINGEN BASIC ALUMINUM CHLORATE CHLORHYDROL CHLORHYDROL, GRANULAR CHLORHYDROL, IMPALPABLE CHLOROHYDROL CHLOROPENTAHYDROXY-DIALUMINUM LOCRON EXTRA LOCRON FLAKES LOCRON POWDER LOCRON SOLUTION MACRO-SPHERICAL 95 MICRO DRY VCTCKENOL 303 WICKENOL 321 WICKENOL 323 WICKENOL 324... 

PUlarmg these layered silica s with aluminum species to induce acid catalytic fimctionality to the material has also been investigated. Inagaki and coworkers pillared kanemite with aluminum chlorhydrate producing materials containing very large 3 nm pores. ... 

Figure 9. Al-NMR spectra of a concentrated solution of aluminum chlorhydrate (Al2(OH)5Cl). Note the similarity of this spectram with those in Figure 8. Aluminum monomers have a sharp peak near 0 ppm, the Al exhibits a sharp peak near 63 ppm, the Also (Al3oOg(OH)56(H20)24 ) has a relatively broad peak near 70 ppm. The broad peak denoted Al(0)e corresponds to octahedrally coordinated Al(III) in these multimers.

Clear antiperspirants have become popular because they leave no visible residue.They are not always formulated through a microemulsion route. Clear sticks can be based on dibenzylidene sorbitol acetal (DBSA) gelling agent and zirconium or glycine-complexed aluminum chlorhydrate antiperspirant actives that are soluble in propylene glycol without water. An alternative route is to closely match the refractive indices of the oil and water phases so a clear product (not a microemulsion) results for an antiperspirant gel [20,23]. Clear deodorant sticks with the active ingredient triclosan can be solidified with sodium stearate, which is incompatible with antiperspirant active ingredients (aluminium chlorhydrates). 

Aluminum, chlorodimethyl-. See Dimethylaluminum chloride Aluminum, chloro [(2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl) ureato] tetrahydroxydi-. See Alcloxa Aluminum, chlorodipropyl-. See Di-n-propylaluminum chloride Aluminum chlorohydrate CAS 12042-91-0 EINECS/ELINCS 234-933-1 Synonyms Aluminum chlorhydrate Aluminum chlorhydrol Aluminum chlorhydroxide Aluminum chloride basic Aluminum chloride hydroxide... 

Aluminum chlorhydrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate... 

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