Altemaria

Schrader T J, Cherry W, Soper K, Langlois I and Vijay H M (2001), Examination of Altemaria altemata mutagenicity and effects of nitrosylation using the Ames Salmonella Test , Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, 21, 261-274. 

Citrus fruits Brown rot Altemaria alternata Copper oxychloride, copper sulphate... 

Cyclo(Pro-Tyr), also known as maculosin, is a phytotoxin produced by the fungus Altemaria alternata, and has been found to cause black necrotic lesions on the leaves of spotted knapweed. The mechanism underlying the phytotoxic action of cyclo(Pro-Tyr) may lie in its ability to inhibit ribulose-l,5-diphosphate carboxylase. ... 

A number of investigators have found that reagents that react with sulfhydryl groups can reproduce the symptoms of ozone damage. Dass and Weaver reported this effect in white bean. Tomlinson and Rich reported the same effect in tobacco, and Rich and Tomlinson found that conidiophores of Altemaria solani became more susceptible to ozone if they were pretreated with iodoacetamide. It appears that effects on sulfhydryl content may be quite early events in the toxic reactions initiated by ozone. One should remember, however, that symptoms of ozone and PAN injury are quite different, and one cannot explain the effects of both pollutants as sulfhydryl oxidizers. 

Rich, S., and H. Tomlinson. Effects of ozone on conidiophores and conidia of Altemaria soiani. Phytopathology 58 444-446, 1968. 

Antimycin A is effective against Altemaria solani spores(42)5 karumin is effective against Rhizoctonia solani ( iD. Nikkomycin is being used to cure trees of Dutch elm disease in Hamden, Connecticut(44). It inhibits the formation of chitin and stops the myceTia of Ceratocy-stis ulmi from growing normally. 

Euonymus europaeus. Vinca minor Altemaria spp. altersetin, alternariol, alternariol monomethylether, tenuazonic acid 198, 203, 246... 

Table IV. Altemaria solani Inhibition of Mycelial Growth over Control by Geraniol ...

Antifungal activity. Ethanol (50%) extract of the entire plant, in broth culture at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, was inactive on Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton men tagrophytes Hot water extract of the leaf on agar plate at a concentration of 1.0% was active on Altemaria tenuis, Pythium aphu ... 

In terms of diseases, not much has been recorded, except a recent report (unpublished data) on two fimgi coinfecting the pods of morama. The two fungi associated with the necrotic lesions were revealed to be Altemaria tenuissima and Phoma spp. using DNA-based and morphological characterization. Insects pest have been observed on the wild stand of morama causing seed damage. However, the identity of the insects is yet to be ascertained. 

In this section, tetramic acids with an acyl group substituent at C-3 are discussed. The simplest of the naturally occurring 3-acyl tetramic acids, tenuazonic acid (6), was first isolated from the culture filtrate of Alter-naria tenuis [18] and, subsequently, from other fungal species (A. alternate, A. longipes, Pyricularia oryzae) [19,20]. Species of Altemaria are known to produce more than 70 secondary metabolites, many of which, particularly those from the Altemaria altemata complex, are mycotoxins [19]. The absolute stereochemistry of 6 (55,65) was deduced from the formation of L-isoleucine on ozonolysis followed by acid hydrolysis [21]. 

Bernardis P, Agnoletto M, Puccinelli P, Parmiani S, Pozzan M Injective versus sublingual immunotherapy in Altemaria tenuis allergic patients. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1996 6 55-62. 

Bashan, Y. Field dispersal of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, and Altemaria macrospora by animals, people, birds, insects, mites, agricultural tools, aircraft, soil particles, and water sources. Can J Bot 1986 64 76-281. 

Helminthosporides 1. Helmin thospo ral 1. Lycomarasmine and 1. Altemaria toxins... 

Citrus sp. (excised leaves disks) Altemaria citri Infectivity phytotoxin host range33... 

TUB-1928 — U.S. origin. Collected in Connecticut (Litchfield County), from roadside by G. Seiler, W. Roath, and D. Skoric, in 1985. Altemaria and insect damage noted. Available (accession PI 503272) from USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources System, NCRPIS, Ames, IA 50011, U.S. Maintained by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro (Cat. 1361). Kays and Kultur, 2005. 

Lipps, P.E. and Herr, L.J., Reactions of Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus plant introductions to Altemaria helianthi, Plant Dis., 70, 831-835, 1986. 

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