Alloys containing nickel

Alloys containing nickel and/or aluminum have high strength and the impact data may exhibit scatter if the cooling rate or composition has not been closely controlled. 

Nickel (Ni) Nickel is a silvery white metal that plays more of a supporting role in medicine. For example, alloys containing nickel are components in such diverse applications as stainless steel and magnets. 

History.—Alloys containing nickel and copper have been known and used for several thousand years as witnessed by the existence of ancient currency dating back several centuries before the birth of Christ. Nevertheless, nickel itself was not recognised or isolated as a separate entity until Cronsted, about a.d. 1750, showed that niccolite or kupfernickel, obtained from a cobalt mine in Sweden, contained a new metal. A few years later he succeeded in isolating this metal in an impure form and termed it nickel. The word nickel is equivalent to goblin or devil, and the term kupfernickel was one of... 

Valves, with a bellows seal, wholly made of or lined with aluminium, nickel, or alloy containing nickel, either manually or automatically operated and specially designed parts or accessories therefor. 

Discaloy [Westinghouse], TM for an austenitic iron-base alloy containing nickel, chromium, and relatively small proportions of molybdenum, titanium, silicon, and manganese. This alloy is precipitation-hardened and was developed primarily to meet the need for improved gas-turbine disks, one of the most critical components of jet engines. 

H.R. Copson, Effect of Composition on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Some Alloys Containing Nickel, Physical Metallurgy of Stress Corrosion Fracture, T. Rhodin, Ed., Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1959... 

These tests illustrate graphically the unsuitability of copper, brass, bronze, galvanized iron, and aluminum as materials to be used with lithium at any temperature above its melting point. There is appreciable attack on most of the common corrosion-resistant alloys containing nickel at temperatures below 500°C. (12). 

Copper nickels (Cu-Ni) These are alloys contain nickel as the principal alloying element, with or without other designated elements. 

Wad] Wada, H., Pehike, R.D., Nitrogen Solubility and Aluminium Nitride Precipitation in Liquid Iron Alloys containing Nickel and Aluminum , Metall Trans. B, lOB, 409-412 (1979) (Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, Thermodyn., Experimental,, 4)... 

It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Stellite alloys, containing cobalt, chromium, and tungsten, are used for high-speed, heavy-duty, high temperature cutting tools, and for dies. 

Anodes. Lead—antimony (6—10 wt %) alloys containing 0.5—1.0 wt % arsenic have been used widely as anodes in copper, nickel, and chromium electrowinning and metal plating processes. Lead—antimony anodes have high strength and develop a corrosion-resistant protective layer of lead dioxide during use. Lead—antimony anodes are resistant to passivation when the current is frequendy intermpted. 

Fig. 14. Effects of iron (—), nickel (-), and copper (...) contaminant levels on the saltwater corrosion performance of magnesium AZ91 alloy containing...

The first iron—nickel martensitic alloys contained ca 0.01% carbon, 20 or 25% nickel, and 1.5—2.5% aluminum and titanium. Later an 18% nickel steel containing cobalt, molybdenum, and titanium was developed, and still more recentiy a senes of 12% nickel steels containing chromium and molybdenum came on the market. 

Phosphor—bron2e alloys contain Cu, Sn or Cu, Sn, Pb, and have a residual phosphoms concentration of a few hundredths to 1%. Nickel can be added to refine the grain stmcture and is claimed to disperse the lead phase. Copper—tin bearings have high water resistance, high hardness, and moderately high strength. 

Ni—Cr alloys primarily contain nickel with ca 12% or more of chromium. They are used mainly for the casting of fixed partial dentures (bridges), crowns, or inlays, either with or without aesthetic porcelain or plastic veneers (Table 10). However, some of them are used for removable partial dentures. 

Titanium-Based Casting and Wrought Alloys. Titanium-based alloys offer an attractive alternative to gold alloys and to the base-metal alloys that contain nickel or chromium. On a volume basis the cost of titanium is roughly comparable to that of the chromium-containing alloys, but the price of titanium tends to be more stable because its ores are abundant and widely distributed (see Titaniumand titanium alloys). 

The property most frequently cited in connection with the use of Ti dental or medical appHances is titanium s unique biocompatibiHty. This helps practitioners avoid occasional allergic reactions that occur with nickel or chromium alloys, and removes concerns about the toxic or carcinogenic potential of appHances that contain nickel, chromium, or beryUium. Wrought alloys of titanium are used for orthodontic wires because of their unique elastic... 

Gold, platinum, palladium, and silver are the principal components of most of the solders used for joining both noble and base metal alloys. Some solders for base metal alloys also contain nickel, chromium, and/or cobalt as primary ingredients. 

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