Allergic reactions definition

Food allergy, by definition, describes the adverse health effects that result from the elicitation of allergic reactions to dietary proteins. This does not necessarily imply, however, that allergic sensitization is invariably acquired via dietary exposure to proteins. As will be discussed later in this chapter, sensitization to food proteins may develop following encounter via other routes of exposure. 

Food allergy by definition is dependent upon the induction of a specific immune response, and this needs to be of a vigor and quality necessary for the acquisition of sensitization, and the subsequent elicitation of an allergic reaction following encounter with the relevant food protein. Although cell-mediated immune responses are known... 

Ivermectin appears to promote the passage of Loa loa microfilaria into the cerebrospinal fluid, with a maximum after 3-5 days, followed by an intense allergic reaction to the dying microfilaria. The Mectizan Expert Committee defined a definite case of Loa loa encephalopathy related to ivermectin as having to satisfy two criteria ... 

I combined 125 mg of harmala extract with 50 mg of a Phalaris grass extraction. This time there was no allergic reaction and the potion was defi-nitely psychoactive. Unfortunately, like most ayahuasca combinations, this was accompanied by strong waves of nausea. The experience was what Shulgin describes as a "plus-2" - there was definite activity, but not so much that I couldn t function in an emergency if I had to. The trip could have been stronger (compared with two grams of Psilocybe cubensis, for example), but it was unquestionably "psychedelic."... 

GARSSEN, J VANDEBRIEL, R.J., KIMBER, I. VAN LOVEREN, H. (1996) Hypersensitivity reactions definitions, basic mechanisms and localizations in VOS, J.G., YOUNES, M. SMITH, E. (Eds) Allergic Hypersensitivities Induced by Chemicals. Recommendations for Prevention, pp. 19-58. Boca Raton CRC Press. 

A formal direct proof that these impurities are responsible for or implicated in clinical allergic reactions to acetylsalicylic acid does not exist and has even been questioned by some authors (Juhlin et al. 1972 Schlumberger 1975), but owing to the definite immunologic effects of the products, it appears justifiable to suggest that steps be taken to reduce the content of the impurities in clinically used acetylsalicylic acid preparations. 

Remarkable differences of reaction times occur in connection with a first treatment or a number of treatments. Allergic reactions with short reaction times (acute allergic reactions) are often found in connection with the first dose of the second, third, etc. treatment. Subacute, or especially latent reactions occur (partly by definition) after the end of a treatment period (Figs. 2 and 3 Hoigne et al. 1978). 

In Ippen s (1978) case of contact eczema, the epicutaneous test, with isoniazid as substance or as pulverized tablets (from several manufacturers), showed in all instances definite eczema reactions which exceeded the test areas and required local treatment with corticosteroids. Wang and Schmeo (1974) report the case of a patient with occupational allergy to isoniazid. Beside the allergic reaction of the immediate type (asthma bronchiale) there was a latent sensitization of the delayed reaction type (eczema reaction). This latent sensitization was manifested in a circumscribed area by the epicutaneous test. Reexposure to the allergen led to an asthmatic spasm of the bronchi and to recrudescence of the eczematous cutaneous efflorescences when it was inhaled. 

Cases of allergic reactions to ascorbic acid are very rare. Early observations reported rubelliform, morbilliform, and scarlatiniform exanthemas, urticaria, and edema after vitamin C use (Widenbauer 1936a,b). Positive skin reactions were reported by Rust (1954) in seven cases and by Panzani (1961) in one case. In this latter case, the skin test was a passive transfer test (Prausnitz-Kiistner) but the data presented are too scarce to demonstrate a definite immunological etiology of the observed reactions. The same holds for three cases of respiratory and cutaneous allergy reported recently by Vassal (1975). 

The complement system can also be activated without a preceding inunune reaction, and activated complement components (C3a, C5a) can induce histamine liberation and allergoid reactions. Accordingly, the clinical pictures described as allergic reactions to vitamins, and especially the anaphylactoid reactions after administration of vitamin B, should be attributed to an allergoid reaction until the presence of vitamin-specific antibodies has been unequivocally demonstrated. There have been no detailed investigations, so far, of the direct mast cell degranulating ability of vitamins. Therefore, it is not yet possible to come to any definite conclusion on this point. Reactions can also be caused by the vehicles used as well as by possible decomposition products. 

Definition Waxy mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by purification of ozokerite Properties Wh. or yel. waxy cake tasteless odorless (wh.), si. odor (yel.) sol. in benzene, chloroform, naphtha, hot oils, petrol, ether, 30 parts abs. alcohol, most org. soivs. insol. in water dens. 0.92-0.94 m.p. 68-72 C Toxicology May cause allergic reactions TSCA listed... 

Definition Mixture of D-glucose, maltose, and maltodextrins obtained by partial hydrolysis of corn starch Properties Aq. syrup Toxicoiogy May cause allergic reaction Uses Nutritive sweetener, dietary supplement, thickener, bodying agent, texturizer, carrier in foods, soft drinks feedstock in fermentation sweetener in pharmaceutical orals in aspirin humectant, solvent in cosmetics Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 131.112, 133.124, 133.178, 133.179, 145.3, 145.134, 145.180,... 

Definition Deriv. of unctuous fatty sebaceous secretion of sheep, Ovis ahes, consisting of complex mixt. of esters of high m.w. aliphatic, steroid, or triterpenoid alcohol and fatty acids Properties Yel.-wh. semisolid to paste si. odor sol. in chloroform, ether insol. in water m.p. 38-42 C iodine no. 18-36 flash pt. > 230 F nonionic Toxicoiogy Can cause allergic reactions, contact dermatitis TSCA listed... 

Synonyms Citrus limonum Citrus medica limonum juice Lemon juice Definition Liq. expressed from the fresh pulp of Citrus medica limonum Toxicology Can cause allergic reactions Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals tonic refrigerant antiscorbutic... 

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