Hypersensitivity reactions definition

GARSSEN, J VANDEBRIEL, R.J., KIMBER, I. VAN LOVEREN, H. (1996) Hypersensitivity reactions definitions, basic mechanisms and localizations in VOS, J.G., YOUNES, M. SMITH, E. (Eds) Allergic Hypersensitivities Induced by Chemicals. Recommendations for Prevention, pp. 19-58. Boca Raton CRC Press. 

It has also been hypothesized that a type I hypersensitivity reaction may be involved in some patients. A definitive pathogenic mechanism for episcleritis has still not been established. 

Anaphylactic shock has been described after intranasal hydrocortisone acetate, intramuscular methylprednisolone (SEDA-21, 419) (251), intravenous methylprednisolone (SEDA-22, 448) (252), intramuscular dexamethasone (SEDA-22, 448) (253), and intra-articular methylprednisolone (SEDA-22, 449) (254). A life-threatening anaphylac-tic-like reaction to intravenous hydrocortisone has been described in patients with asthma (255). Acute laryngeal obstruction has been described for the first time after the intravenous administration of hydrocortisone (SEDA-22, 449) (256). There is some reason to believe that sodium succinate esters are more likely to cause hypersensitivity reactions (SEDA-17, 449), but unconjugated glucocorticoids can definitely produce allergy in some cases (SEDA-16, 452). 

Lieberman P. Definition and criteria for the diagnoses of anaphylaxis. In Castells MC, editor. Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions. New York, NY Humana ... 

The prevalence or incidence rates of ICM-induced hypersensitivity show great variability in the literature [5-17]. The reason for this phenomenon is unclear. The study design/setting, the use of different ICM, different doses in different patient groups, and the experience of involved medical personnel may be responsible for this phenomenon. Furthermore, the definition of adverse events differs from paper to paper. While some authors report on prevalence rate of adverse ICM reactions in general, others focus on hypersensitivity reactions, and found prevalences of 0.7-3.1% [16,18]. 

Adverse event. Unwanted effects that occur and are detected in populations. The term is used whether there is or is not any attribution to a medicine or other cause. Adverse events may be known parts of a disease that are observed to occur within a period of observation, and they may be analyzed to test for their frequency in a given population or trial. This is done to determine if there is an unexpectedly increased frequency resulting from nondisease factors such as medicine treatment. The term adverse event or adverse experience is used to encompass adverse reactions plus any injury, toxicity, or hypersensitivity that may be medicine-related, as well as any medical events that are apparently unrelated to medicine that occur during the study (e.g., surgery, illness, and trauma). See definition of Adverse reaction. 

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