All Bran

Bread, brown bread, corn flakes, confectionery products, all bran-product cereals, linseeds, sesame seeds, infant formula... 

Ketoximes may be rearranged directly to amides under a wide variety of conditicms. Phosphorus p i-tachloride, phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride, trimethylsilyl io de (TMS-I), formic acid, poly-phosphoric acid, trimethylsilyl polyphosphate and mineral acids have all bran successfully employed. Representative procedures using these and other reagent systems have been documented previously. - ... 

Constipation may be prevented by drinking plenty of water and eating foods that add bulk to the diet such as fruits and vegetables (preferably raw) and whole grain cereals such as oatmeal, cracked wheat, all bran, etc. 

Rice bran is a storehouse of unique bioactive compounds. The human body is a remarkable self-regenerating system. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, wrote that Disease does not occur unexpectedly. It is the result of constant violation of nature s laws. Accumulation of such violations results in diseases . The possible involvement of all the bioactives of rice bran indicates a holistic approach to helping the body to regenerate to a normal state from a disease state. Holistic or alternative medicine does not treat or cure a disease but fights symptoms, makes the body handle the challenges... 

Nutrient analysis of stabilized rice bran and its derivatives indicates that it is a good source of protein, dietary fiber and carbohydrates, in addition to several valuable phytonutrients, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals (Table 17.1). SRB and its water-soluble and water-insoluble derivatives contain all the nutrients at different levels. They are gluten and lactose free and do not give rise to any food allergy. 

The First International Symposium on Disease Prevention by IP6 and other Rice Bran Components. was conducted in Kyoto, Japan on June 8-9, 1998. Scientists from all over the globe gathered and presented their research findings on the effect of IP6 and other rice bran components on several aspects of health. The brain storming sessions of nearly 35 presentations demonstrated that IP6 is a chemopreventive agent as both a cancer inhibitor and a cancer suppressor in mammary gland, colon and lung cancer (Shamsuddin et al, 1997). 

Squalene is an isoprenoid compound that is found in large quantities in shark liver and in smaller quantities in olives, rice bran and wheat germ. It is a bactericidal compound and an antioxidant and it aids in skin nutrition. Several cosmetic applications of rice bran and rice bran oil arise from the biological effects of their squalene, vitamin E and y-oryzanol content. Since these compounds are fat-soluble, rice bran oil is used for all these preparations. 

Rice bran hemicelluloses reduce thymus atrophy in rats (Takenaka, 1992). Hikino et al. (1988) isolated and purified four glycan fractions from rice bran hemicelluloses and named them as Oryzabrans A, B, C, and D. All these glycans were shown to improve the peripheral utilization of insulin, resulting in significant hypoglycemic activity (Hikino et al., 1988 Hikino and Hayashi, 1989). Several investigations into rice bran polysaccharides and hemicelluloses (Masayoshi et al., 1987) have indicated a strong improvement in the immune... 

The sterols and sterolins in rice bran are potent immunomodulators. The best response was obtained with a 100 1 sterol/sterolin mixture that demonstrated T-cell proliferation from 20% to 920% and active cell antigens after four weeks in human subjects (Bouic et al, 1996). Another in vitro experimental study with sterol/sterolins, demonstrated a significant increase in cytokinines, interleukin-2 and y-interferon between 17% and 41 % in addition to an increase in natural killer cell activity. These experiments (Bouic et al, 1996) prove that sterol/sterolins are potent immunomodulators with important implications for the treatment of immune dysfunction. Rice bran products are excellent dietary supplements for the improvement of immune function. It is probable that the effects of rice bran on diabetes, CVD and cancer all result from improved immune function. 

The fiber of rice bran products, especially the RiceMucil is helpful in maintaining normal gastrointestinal and colon health (Tomlin and Read, 1988). It helps in bowel regularity. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and colitis get excellent relief with RiceMucil . As has been mentioned in the earlier part of this chapter, the fiber of rice bran is non-bloating and lactose free, and the acidic environment the fiber creates during the fermentation of undigested food improves colon health and induces all the healthy enzymes and fnendly bacteria to proliferate (Folino et al, 1995 Life Sciences News Letter, 1999). It has been scientifically demonstrated to have an excellent nutritional support for gut and colon health. 

Although rice bran is still a wasted product all over the world, recent scientific studies have recognized its potential health benefits. This is a unique, nutrient-dense natural product which offers health benefits for a series of ailments. It is a food pharmacy worth considering not only for general health maintenance but also as a dietary supplement for serious health conditions. With the advent of unique stabilization technology rice bran, an under-utilized waste product, has now been made available as a highly nutritious, health-promoting food for humans. 

Acetonitrile-n-hexane partition is an effective method for oily samples, e.g. brown rice (rice bran contains oily materials) and nuts. The residue of organic layer derived from Section 2.2.3(a) is dissolved in 30 mL of n-hexane and naproanilide and its metabolite are extracted twice with 30 mL of acetonitrile. The combined acetonitrile extract is concentrated prior to further cleanup, if needed. This method can be applied to the determination of all other anilide compounds. 

While any type of flour can be made in a wholemeal form some products probably can not be made from wholemeal flour. The problems are that although all the wheat protein is present the quality of the protein is lower towards the outside of the wheat berry. This effect would render the making of products requiring very high extensibility, e.g. filo pastry, very difficult. The other problem is that the bran particles tend to burst gas bubbles, reducing the amount of lift. Despite the above, wholemeal bread flour is common and wholemeal self raising flour can be made. 

Bakers tend not to like wholemeal bread flour because it is less reliable in performance than white flour. One reason for this is the restrictive legal position on flour improvers, which makes the dough less tolerant. In addition, when a wholemeal flour is made in a roller mill, all the flour components that the mill has separated have to be recombined at the bottom of the mill. If a spout blocks temporarily one component will be held back. If this sort of problem leads to an excess of white flour then the flour will bake well, if a local excess of bran occurs then baking performance will suffer. 

Symposium on Chemical Problems Connected with the Stability of Explosives, alle 3 Jahre, Veranstalter Sektionen for Detonik och For-branning, Schweden, Dr. J. Hansson, 1967-1998 (11th)... 

The diet treatments were level of phytate intake, either 0.2 or 2.0 g/day. Each level was consumed for 15 days, three consecutive repeats of the 5-day menu cycle. To provide 2.0 g/day of phytic acid, 36 g of wheat bran was baked into 6 muffins and two muffins were eaten each meal. Dephytinized bran was prepared by incubating the bran in water and allowing the endogenous phytase to hydrolyze the phytate, then the entire incubation mixture was freeze-dried (4) and 36 g baked into 6 muffins. Thus, the intake of all nutrients and neutral detergent fiber was the same for both phytate intakes. Five subjects consumed the whole bran muffins for 15 days followed by the dephytinized bran muffins for 15 days and the other 5 subjects in the reverse order. Brilliant blue dye was given at breakfast on the first day of each collection period to aid in demarcation of stools. Stool composites were made for days 1-5, 6-15, 16-20 and 21-30 and urine composites for days 6-15, and 21-30. Daily food composites were made, homogenized, freeze-dried and then analyzed to determine mineral nutrient intakes. 

Mavicyanin (Mj = 18,000) is obtained from green squash (Cucurbito pepo medullosa), where it occurs alongside ascorbate oxidase [64]. It has a peak at 600 nm (e 5000 M cm and reduction potential of 285 mV. Further studies on this and the mung bean and rice bran proteins [65, 66] would be of interest. All the above type 1 Cu proteins have an intense blue color and characteristic narrow hyperfine EPR spectrum for the Cu(II) state. Table 3 summarizes the properties of those most studied. There is some variation in reduction potential and position of the main visible absorbance peak. In the case of azurin, for example, the latter is shifted from 597 to 625 nm. Stellacyanin has no methionine and the identity of the fourth ligand is therefore different [75]. The possibility that this is the 0(amide) of Gln97 has been suggested [63b]. It now seems unlikely that the disulfide is involved in coordination. Stellacyanin has 107 amino acids, with carbohydrate attached at three points giving a 40% contribution to the M, of 20,000 [75]. 

Wheat bran. Profuse growth of T, reesei QMY-1 was observed within first 5 or 3 days of SSF on wheat bran without any additional nutrients or with nutrients from the Mandels and Weber medium (22), respectively. In spite of good growth on wheat bran without additionsil nutrients, very low activities of all the enzymes were obtained (Table IV). On wheat bran with nutrients, the activities of FP cellulase, -glucosidase, and xylanase increased to 8.3, 5.1, and 13875 times, respectively, but the activities of all the enzymes still remained very low compared to those obtained on wheat straw in SSF or LSF (Tables I and IV). 

The Greek asbestos means inextinguishable, but it is apparent from early descriptive comments that the characteristic of incombustibility was implicit (Luschen, 1968). Old synonyms for asbestos, such as salamander stone, referring to a mythical animal that endured fire without harm encompass both meanings, as does the belief that tomb lamps with asbestos wicks burned indefinitely, or at least until all of the oil, but not the wick, was consumed (Theophrastus, brans, by Caley and Richards, 1956). 

While the hemicelluloses obtained from the germ, aleuron, and caryopsis coat cell walls all showed a similar monosaccharide composition, this was not the case for the endosperm tissue. Thus, a major difference in the structure of hemicellulosic polysaccharides exists between the preparations obtained from the endosperm cell walls and those from the cell walls of the other parts of the grain, i.e., rice bran. (Rice bran consists of the caryopsis coat, aleuron layer and germ.) Comparison of the detailed structural features of the hemicellulosic polysaccharides of endosperm and bran cell walls will be discussed in the following sections. 

Vitamin Bg (8.47, pyridoxine) is a pyridine-alcohol, but its biologically active forms are pyridoxal 5-phosphate and the corresponding pyridoxamine. Like all the members of the vitamin B complex, it occurs in yeast, bran, wheat germ, and liver. It is a coenzyme of... 

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