Alkaline phosphatase composition

The cell growth was much faster on the chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with the glass than on the chitosan-hydroxyapatite scaffold without the glass. The total protein content of cells increased over time on both composites. The cells on the chitosan-hydroxyapatite-glass also expressed significantly higher amount of alkaline phosphatase at days 7 and 11 and osteocalcin at day 7 than those on chitosan-hydroxyapatite [165]. 

Several enzymes have been immobilized in sol-gel matrices effectively and employed in diverse applications. Urease, catalase, and adenylic acid deaminase were first encapsulated in sol-gel matrices [72], The encapsulated urease and catalase retained partial activity but adenylic acid deaminase completely lost its activity. After three decades considerable attention has been paid again towards the bioencapsulation using sol-gel glasses. Braun et al. [73] successfully encapsulated alkaline phosphatase in silica gel, which retained its activity up to 2 months (30% of initial) with improved thermal stability. Further Shtelzer et al. [58] sequestered trypsin within a binary sol-gel-derived composite using TEOS and PEG. Ellerby et al. [74] entrapped other proteins such as cytochrome c and Mb in TEOS sol-gel. Later several proteins such as Mb [8], hemoglobin (Hb) [56], cyt c [55, 75], bacteriorhodopsin (bR) [76], lactate oxidase [77], alkaline phosphatase (AP) [78], GOD [51], HRP [79], urease [80], superoxide dismutase [8], tyrosinase [81], acetylcholinesterase [82], etc. have been immobilized into different sol-gel matrices. Hitherto some reports have described the various aspects of sol-gel entrapped biomolecules such as conformation [50, 60], dynamics [12, 83], accessibility [46], reaction kinetics [50, 54], activity [7, 84], and stability [1, 80],... 

Treatment of male Charles-Foster rats with sublethal doses of xylene (0.2 mL of 5 mmol/L extra-pure xylene solution on alternate days for 30 days isomeric composition not indicated) resulted in slight increases of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities and bilirubin concentration (Rana Kumar, 1993). A slight increase in alanine aminotransferase activity was also observed after a 3.5-week treatment of male Wistar rats with zneto-xylene (800 mg/kg bw per day on five days per week, by gavage) (Elovaara et al., 1989). Inhalation exposure of C3H/HeJ mice to /jora-xylenc (1200 ppm [5200 mg/m ], 6 h per day for four days) did not affect the serum alanine or aspartate aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase activities, or bilirubin level (Selgrade et al., 1993). 

By analysis of the products with glucose oxidase, it was shown that the anomeric composition of the glucose liberated from glucose-6-phos-phate by the enzymes acid or alkaline phosphatase or by glucose-6-phosphatase from rat liver was essentially the same as that of the substrate, thus indicating a lack of anomeric specificity for these enzymes also (106). 

The amino acid composition of alkaline phosphatase of E. coli is given in Table II (41, 45, 45, 47) The values from Lazdunski and Lazdunski... 

Amino Acid Composition of Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase... 

Serra et al. [105] Alkaline phosphatase Milk (process evaluation pasteurisation) Tyrosinase/physically included in the composite matrix Graphite-Teflon composite electrode/-0.10 V vs. Ag/ AgCl -... 

B. Serra, M.D. Morales, A.J. Reviejo, E.H. Hall and J.M. Pingarron, Rapid and highly sensitive electrochemical determination of alkaline phosphatase using a composite tyrosinase biosensor, Anal. Biochem., 336(2) (2004) 289-294. 

The base composition of a nucleic acid can be determined quite simply by digesting the DNA or RNA with non-spedfic phosphodiesterases and analysing the nudeotide or nucleoside products combined treatment with Serratia marcescens nuclease (i.e., Benzonase ) and PI nuclease yields nudeoside-5 -monophosphates. Further treatment with alkaline phosphatase leads to dephosphorylation and the formation of nucleosides that can be analysed by RP-HPLC. This procedure can also be used to detect and quantitate modified nucleotides and nucleosides. The base composition of double stranded nucleic acids follows the well known Chargaff rules ... 

E615 Gorus, F.K. and DePree, L. (1990). Effect of isoenzyme composition on Kodak Ektachem test results for creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase. Clin. Chem. 56, 685-686. 

V7. Vecerek, B., Kraml, J., Pelichov4, H., StSpAn, J., ChmelAr, M., and Stlpek, S., Phosphatases. II. Changes in the composition of human intestinal and kidney alkaline phosphatase during purification. Collection Czech. Chem. Commun. 30, 3964-3968 (1965). 

Sakshaug, E., Graneli, E., Elbrachter, M. and Kayser, H. (1984) Chemical composition and alkaline phosphatase activity of nutrient-saturated and P-deficient cells of four marine dinoflagellates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 77, 241-254. 

Eihnon, R. et al., Poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate)-alkaline phosphatase A composite hiomaterial allowing in vitro studies of bisphosphonates on the mineralization process, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 11, 849, 2000. 

---