Blue, Alkali

Other Names Alkali Blue 6B Acid Blue 110 

CA Index Name Benzenesulfonic acid, [[4-[(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)hydroxy[4-(phenylamino) phenyl]metliyl]phenyl]amino]-, monosodium salt CAS Registry Number 30586-13-1 Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical Structure 

Chemical/Dye Class Triphenylmethane Molecular Formula C32H2gN304SNa Molecular Weight 573.65 pH Range 9.4—14.0 

Solubility Sparingly soluble in water soluble in ethanol 

Major Applications Electrostatographic dry developers, chelators for iron overload Safety/Toxicity No data available 

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Alkaleszenz, /. alkalescence, alkali-arm, a. poor in alkali. artig, a. alka-loidal, alkaloid, -bestdndig, a. resistant to alkalies, -bildend, a. alkaligenous. Alkali-blau, n. alkali blue, -chlorid, n. alkali chloride. 

Alkali aluminate (5-calcium disilicate monosulfate), phase in Portland cement clinker, 5 472t Alkali aluminate (8-calcium disodium trialuminate), phase in Portland cement clinker, 5 472t Alkali belite, phase in Portland cement clinker, 5 472t Alkali blue toners, 14 318 Alkali borate glasses, 12 572, 573, 584 Alkali catalysed pad-dry-bake procedure, 9 485... 

Inner Salts of Sulfonic Acids (Alkali Blue Types) 541... 

Two types of insoluble triarylcarbonium compounds are used industrially as pigments. Both are salts of these basic dyes. So-called Alkali Blue type triarylcarbonium pigments are inner salts of sulfonic acids, while the second group comprises salts of complex inorganic anions of heteropolyacids. 

Shortly afterwards, a route to acidic triphenylmethane compounds, referred to as Alkali Blue types, was developed. 

The thus prepared product, however, being the inner salt of a sulfonic acid, turned out to be entirely insoluble in water. The compound only became a suitable textile dye after it had been converted into its sodium salt, i.e., through application in a slightly alkaline medium (= Alkali Blue). 

Alkali Blue type pigments are based on the following general structure ... 

As a result of the nonuniform reaction process, all commercial products within the Alkali Blue series represent mixtures of various products. The respective structure which is listed in the Colour Index only reflects the main component of a differently arylated mixture. Moreover, the aromatic moieties not only represent differently substituted compounds but also mixtures of various degrees of sulfonation. 

The list of significant Alkali Blue type triarylcarbonium pigments includes compounds which are derived from diarylated and triarylated rosanilines. Table 33 shows triarylcarbonium pigments which are listed in the Colour Index. 

In this chapter, relevant fastness properties and aspects of pigment performance as well as various facets of pigment application are discussed. The entire class is treated comprehensively instead of focussing on individual types. In Europe, Alkali Blue pigments are also referred to as Reflex Blue pigments, a trade name which was created by the local manufacturer. 

Commercial flushed pastes commonly contain about 40% pigment however, these products are standardized not in terms of pigment concentration but regarding their tinctorial strength. The ratio between carbon black and Alkali Blue pigment in a toned product may range between approximately 2 1 and 4 1, depending on the nature of the components and on the desired effect. 

Prints containing Alkali Blue are not fast to the standard DIN 16524 solvent mixture, but they are fast to acid, paraffin, butter, and other materials. Tested in accordance with normative testing standards (Sec. 1.6.2.2), the prints unexpectedly also show fastness to alkali. It should be noted, however, that at higher alkali concentrations the tinctorial strength of the system declines and the shade becomes duller. This is a result of the fact that the pigment reacts with alkali. 

In terms of lightfastness, Alkali Blue performs moderately. 1/1 SD letterpress proof prints equal step 3 on the Blue Scale, while 1/3 to 1/25 SD formulations equal only step 2. However, as shading components their lightfastness is excellent and satisfies the requirements for all types of applications. This is due to the fact that a large portion of the incident light is absorbed by carbon black. 

Alkali Blue pigments are used in large volume to color office articles, especially ribbons for typewriters and computers, as well as blue copy paper. Other areas of application, such as the plastics industry, do not employ Alkali Blue pigments because of their lack of fastness. 

Spirit Blue [2152-64-9]y Cl Solvent Blue 23 (Cl 42760), is one of the few dyes sulfonated as the leuco base. The degree of sulfonation depends on the conditions. Monosulfonated derivatives, commonly referred to as alkali blues, eg, Cl Acid Blue 119 [1324-76-1]> are used as their barium or calcium salts in printing inks. Disulfonated compounds, eg, Cl Acid Blue 48 [1324-77-2], are employed as their sodium or ammonium salts for blueing paper, whereas the trisulfonic derivatives or ink blues, eg, Cl Acid Blue 93 [28983-56A] are used in writing inks (qv). 

In calculating the amount of caustic required for caustic neutralization, the oil is titrated to a phenolphthalein end point. This titration endpoint includes not only the FFA, but also the oryzanol compounds. With the higher caustic addition, the ory-zanol is transferred to the soapstock away from the oil. The nutritional benefit of these compounds is lost. An alternative indicator for titration uses alkali blue (8). This indicator reflects the acidity contributed only by the free fatty acids. 

This salt, unlike those of other sulphonic acids, may be fixed on wool and silk from a slightly alkaline bath. It is probable that the basic groups of rosaniline effect this fixation. The shade obtained is not strong, but on development with dilute acid, whereby the free sulphonic acid is liberated, a good blue shade is obtained. Alkali blue finds its principal application in wool-dyeing. 

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