Alternative indications

There are many alternative indices of similarity, but Gower s is considered to be fairly general and can be related to several other similarity indices [47]. 

Up to this point, GIPF expressions have been formulated for only one type of biological activity - the inhibition of reverse transcriptase (RT), the enzyme that promotes the reverse transcription of genomic RNA into double-stranded DNA, a key step in the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV [82, 87]. Analytical representations were obtained for the anti-HIV potencies of three families of RT inhibitors the correlation coefficients are between 0.930 and 0.952. We are currently investigating the effects of applying the GIPF approach to certain portions of the molecules rather than their entireties. This might reveal the source of the activity, or alternatively, indicate it to be delocalized. 

Testing of a number of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternatives indicates that most of these chemicals have low acute toxicity, and low to moderate chronic toxicity. Some chemicals, originally proposed as alternatives, have been dropped from consid-... 

ASTM 2074-92, Standard Test Method for Total, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amine Values of Fatty Amines by Alternative Indicator Method, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1992. 

The charge alternation indicated by quantum chemical calculations (Section IV,B and Fig. 1) is supported by NMR spectra. Different screening of C—H due to different rr-electron densities gives rise to the chemical shifts of the ring protons. This means that those positions of the five-membered ring that are directly bonded to the six-membered ring are more strongly screened. This observation is also in accordance with theoretical predictions. 

The most widely known of these alternative indices is probably the Ryznar Stability Index (Ryznar Index, Stability Index) (SI), which is a direct derivation of LSI and is based on observed field data. It is generally considered more useful than the LSI in water systems flowing at or above 2 ft/sec (0.6 m/sec), such as occurs in most cooling systems. 

Notes. (1) 1,10-Phenanthroline or 2,2 -biquinolyl may be used as alternative indicators. The colour of the complex is dependent upon the complexing agent. Thus butyllithium gives a greenish-yellow colour with 2,2 -biquinolyl, reddish-brown with 1,10-phenanthro-line and reddish-purple with 2,2 -bipyridyl. 

Scheme 32. -Repulsion between the Pseudo-JT-orbitals of the Abridged Bicycle of 30 and K2. (a) Pseudo-rr-orbitals. (b) n—a Interplay between the Displaced rr-Curve and the <7-Curve Causes a Significant Bond Alternation Indicated by the Arrow on the AR Coordinate (consult Eq 13)...

Natural ditropolonofuran utahin (162) exhibits only approximate planarity, and certain bond-length alternations indicate some double-bond fixation for C—C and C—O bonds [76AX(B)3118]. Each part of the ditropolone is involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, but only one part forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The latter give dimers of centrosymmetric-ally related molecules. 

The IV is defined as an average total number of double bonds per mole in a mixture of fatty materials. It is not a good descriptor for correlating physical and chemical properties with fatty acid composition in biodiesel. For example, the IV does not provide any information on structural factors such as number of allylic or bis-allylic methylene groups or location of double bond(s) within the hydrocarbon chain. Knothe (2002) recommended alternative indices termed allylic position equivalents (APE) and Ws-allylic position equivalent (BAPE) based on the total number of allylic and bis-allylic positions present in the fatty acid chains. 

Labeling Indicate the content, by weight, of Hydrochloric Acid (HC1). Alternatively, indicate the range of Hydrochloric Acid content, the range of degrees Baume, and/or the specific gravity range. 

Alternatively, indicate an isotope by using the spelled-out element name hyphenated to its mass number. 

In calculating the amount of caustic required for caustic neutralization, the oil is titrated to a phenolphthalein end point. This titration endpoint includes not only the FFA, but also the oryzanol compounds. With the higher caustic addition, the ory-zanol is transferred to the soapstock away from the oil. The nutritional benefit of these compounds is lost. An alternative indicator for titration uses alkali blue (8). This indicator reflects the acidity contributed only by the free fatty acids. 

Salem MA, el-Habashy SA, Saeid OM, el-Tawil MM,Tawfik PH Urinary excretion of n-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and retinol binding protein as alternative indicators of nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes. 2002 3 37-41. 

The replacement of hazardous chemicals with benign and inherently safer alternatives indicated by green chemistry principles is certainly a valuable measure, because a hazardous chemical that is no longer present can no longer be involved in an accident. However, from industrial point of view there are often alternative solution that reduce the risk to a sustainable level at a much lower cost than that required by completely changing the production. 

There are some other reactions that occur, additionally or alternatively, indicating that cancer cells as well as normal cells have some escape routes for survival. These other effects have been analyzed as follows in terms of high and low glucose concentrations, and glutaminolysis. 

An alternative indication can come, also in this case, from the computation of orbital Fukui indices of neutral aniline. We found a value of 0.19 and 0.06 eV for the orbitals mainly associated with nitrogen and para-carbon, respectively. So, the... 

There are numerous variations on this medium using mannitol instead of lactose, teepol or sodium lauryl sulfate instead of bile salts, and alternative indicators such as Phenol Red. However, all the tests are based on the ability of coliforms to grow in the presence of some inhibitor, and ferment lactose or mannitol to acid and gas, the acid changing the colour of the indicator. 

Oj shielding parameter of nucleus i (used sometimes in 1 Subscripts may alternatively indicate contributions to a. 

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