Alkali ammonium hydroxide

The metal dissolves in dilute and concentrated mineral acids. Evaporation crystallizes salts. At ordinary temperatures, ytterbium, similar to other rare earth metals, is corroded slowly by caustic alkalies, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium nitrate solutions. The metal dissolves in liquid ammonia forming a deep blue solution. 

The capacity of the cell is 450 cc. It is constructed of silica, the adsorption of water on borosilicate glass being too troublesome. The electrodes are made of platinized platinum and have been calibrated with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride O.OIN at 0°C. Introduction of alkali metal and ammonia is made in a similar way to that used in kinetic studies. The formation reaction of the alkali amides is catalyzed by the electrodes. Various concentrations are studied with the same preparation of alkali amide. After ammonia has been removed, the alkali amide is hydrolyzed in the cell. The amounts of alkali ammonium hydroxides are determined by conductimetric titration. 

LAPIS INFERNALIS (7761-88-8) A powerful oxidizer. Forms friction- and shock-sensitive compounds with many materials, including acetylene, anhydrous ammonia (produces compounds that are explosive when dry), 1,3-butadiyne, buten-3-yne, calcium carbide, dicopper acetylide. Contact with hydrogen peroxide causes violent decomposition to oxygen gas. Violent reaction with chlorine trifluoride, metal powders, nitrous acid, phosphonium iodide, red or yellow phosphorus, sulfur. Incompatible with acetylides, acrylonitrile, alcohols, alkalis, ammonium hydroxide, arsenic, arsenites, bromides, carbonates, carbon materials, chlorides, chlorosulfonic acid, cocaine chloride, hypophosphites, iodides, iodoform, magnesium, methyl acetylene, phosphates, phosphine, salts of antimony or iron, sodium salicylate, tannic acid, tartrates, thiocyanates. Attacks chemically active metals and some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

White, odorless Crystals, mp 131-133. Becomes grayish on exposure to air and light. Poisonous d 1.45 bp 309. Sublimes when slowly heated. One gram dissolves in 1.7 ml water, 1.3 ml ale, 1.6 ml ether slightly sol in benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide. The aq soln darkens on exposure to air, quite rapidly when alkaline. Keep well closed and protected from tight. Incompat. Alkalies, ammonium hydroxide. antipyrine. camphor, phenol, menthol. LDH orally in rabbits 1.6 g/kg (Dollahite). 

The acid is an unstable white powder which soon darkens even m the dry state. When heated it decomposes without melting, and m water and the usual solvents it is insoluble, but it dissolves readily m alkali, ammonium hydroxide and acids. A sodium salt may be precipitated from the aqueous alkali solution by the addition of alcohol. The ammo-group is diazotisable and the diazo-compound couples with alkaline resorcinol solution and other phenols. 

Properties SI. of-wh. gauze, lint, orpowd. si. charred odor acid taste sol. in aq. org. bases, dil. alkali, ammonium hydroxide insol. in water, acids, common org. soivs. 

Inorganic Chemicals Non-Oxidizinq Acids acetic acid hydrochloric acid dilute sulfuric acid phosphoric acid Alkalies Ammonium Hydroxide Oxidizing aclds/salts chromic acid nitric acid ferric chloride Mercury... 

The base used is most often benzyltrimelhyl-ammonium hydroxide, but aqueous or ethano-lic alkali is suitable. In addition to compounds... 

Pectin is a collective name for heteropolysaccharides, which consist essentially of polygalacturon acid. Pectin is soluble in water only after a partial neutralization with alkali or ammonium hydroxide [18]. 

The irons are not recommended even for so weak a base as ammonium hydroxide, if the liquid temperature is greater than 20°C. The alternate handling of acids (for which the alloy is normally resistant) and alkalis may also prove troublesome since the alkali will normally prevent the formation of the protective silica film on which its acid resistance depends. 

Alkalis Molybdenum is moderately resistant to aerated solutions of ammonium hydroxide and is inert when oxygen is excluded. It has only fair resistance in aerated 1 % sodium hydroxide at 35°C and 60°C but its resistance is better in a 10% solution at both these temperatures. It is severely corroded in sodium hypochlorite solutions (pH 11 or higher) at 35°C (Table 5.4). 

In some of the details which follow, reference is made to the addition of a buffer solution, and in all such cases, to ensure that the requisite buffering action is in fact achieved, it is necessary to make certain that the original solution has first been made almost neutral by the cautious addition of sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, or of dilute acid, before adding the buffer solution. When an acid solution containing a metallic ion is neutralised by the addition of alkali care must be taken to ensure that the metal hydroxide is not precipitated. 

Also, nylon-6 waste may be hydrolyzed in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide or acid5 to produce an alkali metal or acid salt of 6-aminocaproic acid (ACA). The reaction of nylon-6 waste with dilute hydrochloric acid is rapid at 90- 100°C. The reaction mixture is poured into water to form a dilute aqueous solution of the ACA salt. Filtration is used to remove undissolved impurities such as pigments, additives, and fillers followed by treatment of the acid solution with a strong cation exchange resin. A sulfonic acid cationic exchanger absorbs ACA salt and pure ACA is eluted with ammonium hydroxide to form a dilute aqueous solution. Pure ACA is obtained by crystallization of die solution. 

An interesting feature of the ring opening polymerization of siloxanes is their ability to proceed via either anionic or cationic mechanisms depending on the type of the catalyst employed. In the anionic polymerization alkali metal hydroxides, quaternary ammonium (I NOH) and phosphonium (R POH) bases and siloxanolates (Si—Oe M ) are the most widely used catalysts 1,2-4). They are usually employed at a level of 10 2 to KT4 weight percent depending on their activities and the reaction conditions. The activity of alkali metal hydroxides and siloxanolates decrease in the following order 76 79,126). 

The metal and ammonium salts of dithiophosphinic acids tend to exhibit far greater stability with respect to this thermal decomposition reaction, and consequently these acids are often prepared directly in their salt form for convenience and ease of handling. Alkali-metal dithiophosphinates are accessible from the reaction of diphosphine disulfides with alkali-metal sulfides (Equation 22) or from the reaction of alkali-metal diorganophosphides with two equivalents of elemental sulfur (Equation 23). Alternatively, they can be prepared directly from the parent dithiophosphinic acid on treatment with an alkali-metal hydroxide or alkali-metal organo reagent. Reaction of secondary phosphines with elemental sulfur in dilute ammonia solution gives the dithiophosphinic acid ammonium salts (Equation 24). 

Dichloroacetamide has been prepared from ethyl dichloroace-tate with alcoholic ammonia1 or aqueous ammonium hydroxide,2 from ethyl dichloromalonate and alcoholic ammonia,3 by the action of ammonia on pentachloroacetone,4 chloral cyanohydrin,5 and hexachloro-i,3,5-cyclohexanetrione,6 from chloral ammonia and potassium cyanide,7 by the action of hydrogen chloride on dichloroacetonitrile,8 from the reaction of asparagine with the sodium salt of N-chloro- -toluenesulfonamide,9 and by the action of an alkali cyanide and ammonia on chloral hydrate.10... 

The kinetic preference for cis- over imns-olefin elimination from acyclic compounds is rare. Cope and co-workers 91) reported a slight preference for cis- over irans-2-butene and 2-pentene in the thermal decomposition of the quaternary ammonium hydroxides, and Andr u and co-workers 92,93) found a preponderance of cis- over trons-2-butene in the elimination of hydrogen chloride from 2-chlorobutane over solid catalysts. Neureiter and Bordwell 94) found the formation of cis-2-butene rather than alkene from a-chlorosulfone on treatment with alkali ... 

The reaction is usually performed with homogeneous basic catalysts such as alkali hydroxides, alkoxides, and tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide (161,162). The mechanism accepted for this transformation starts with the abstraction by the base catalyst of a proton from the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to generate the alkoxide anion, which reacts with acrylonitrile to form the 3-alkoxypropanenitrile anion. The 3-alkoxypropanenitrile anion abstracts a proton from the catalyst to yield 3-alkoxypropane nitrile. 

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