Tetradecyl alcohol

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Ethoxylated myristyl alcohol, Ethoxylated tetradecyl alcohol, Poly(oxyethil) myristyl ether, Poly(oxyethil) tetradecyl ether, tergtol Nonionic 45-S-lO Chemical Formula C,41X2,0 (CH2CH20) CH2CH20H n=5 (average). 

Pure alkyl sulfuric acids are white crystalline solids with definite melting points but they are hygroscopic. Hygroscopicity increases as the chain length increases. Dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl sulfuric acids were obtained by Maurer et al. [57] by chlorosulfation of the corresponding alcohols and the melting points obtained are shown in Table 2. 

Triethanolamine salts of alcohol sulfates form white crystals when obtained in pure form after recrystallization. At their melting point they are semisolid with gelatinous appearance and the transition is difficult to detect. Melting points, determined through thermograms obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, gave 72, 76, 80, and 86°C for dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl sulfates, respectively [63]. 

Shedlovsky et al. studied mixtures of sodium decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl sulfates by electromotive force measurements and determined the extent of the dissociation of the sodium counterions by the micelles. From the data obtained strong interaction below the CMC was found for all of the mixtures except those containing more than 25 mol % of sodium decyl sulfate [122]. Commercial alcohol sulfates are mixtures of homologs with different hydrocarbon chains. It has been demonstrated [123] that the CMC of such products is lower than that expected by calculation from the linear relationship between log CMC and the number of carbon atoms of the alcohol as stated in Eq. (11). These results are shown in Fig. 9. 

The aggregation numbers of sodium octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl sulfates at temperatures between 20°C and 60°C have been studied by Vass by small-angle neutron scattering [130]. Table 22 shows the aggregation numbers of some alcohol and alcohol ether sulfates. 

The foaming properties of sodium symmetrical secondary alcohol sulfates, sodium secondary alcohol sulfates, isomeric sodium secondary pentanol sulfates, and sodium linear alcohol sulfates were studied by Dreger et al. [72] via the Ross-Miles test [150] at 46°C. Within the linear series sodium tetradecyl sulfate produces the largest amount of foam. The influence of several electrolytes was also studied. 

Chlebicki and Slipko [127] determined the foam ability of sodium propoxyl-ated alcohol sulfates by the Ross-Miles method. These substances are low-foaming surfactants the greatest foam height was observed for dodecyl and tetradecyl chains. As expected, as the number of polyoxypropylene units on the same alcohol chain increases, foam height decreases. The maximum foam height obtained was 225 mm for a 2 g/L solution of sodium tetradecyl (1 PrO) sulfate. 

Ethoxylated methylcarboxylates Propoxyethoxy glyceryl sulfonate Alkylpropoxyethoxy sulfate as surfactant, xanthan, and a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate Carboxymethylated ethoxylated surfactants (CME) Polyethylene oxide (PEG) as a sacrificial adsorbate Polyethylene glycols, propoxylated/ethoxylated alkyl sulfates Mixtures of sulfonates and nonionic alcohols Combination of lignosulfonates and fatty amines Alkyl xylene sulfonates, polyethoxylated alkyl phenols, octaethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether, and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride Anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TTAC), nonionic pentadecylethoxylated nonylphenol (NP-15), and nonionic octaethylene glycol N-dodecyl ether Dimethylalkylamine oxides as cosurfactants and viscosifiers (N-Dodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide Petrochemical sulfonate and propane sulfonate of an ethoxylated alcohol or phenol Petrochemical sulfonate and a-olefin sulfonate... 

Detectability may be a significant problem with homologous series of unsaturated compounds, particularly //-alkanes. For these compounds, refractive index detection or evaporative light-scattering, both of which are described elsewhere in the book, may be of use. Indirect photometry is a useful detection scheme for compounds that do not absorb in the UV. Acetone, methylethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and acetophenone are added to an acetonitrile/water mobile phase, generating a negative vacancy peak when the nonchro-mophoric analyte emerges and a positive peak if the ketone is adsorbed and displaced.70 Dodecyl, tetradecyl, cetyl, and stearyl alcohols also have been derivatized with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole and the derivatives separated on Zorbax ODS in a mobile phase of methanol and 2-propanol.71... 

Both these examples are designed to act in an aqueous medium. A recent report describes the construction of dendrimers with an outer envelope of tetradecyl side-chains surrounding an inner core containing many benzyl alcohol groups.1681 In... 

Tetradecyl alcohol is a white solid available in technical grade... 

Ethoxylated Dodecanol Ethoxylated Dodecyl Alcohol Ethoxylated Myristyl Alcohol Ethoxylated Nonylphenol Ethoxylated Pentadecanol Ethoxylated Pentadecyl Alcohol Ethoxylated Tetradecanol Ethoxylated Tetradecyl Alcohol Ethoxylated Tridecanol Ethoxylated Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxytriethylene Glycol Ethoxy Triglycol Ethyl Acetate Ethylacetic Acid Ethyl Acetoacetate Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Aldehyde Ethylaluminum Dichloride Ediylaluminum Sesquichloride Ethylamine Ethylbenzene Ethyl Butanoate Ethyl Butanol 2-Ethyl-1 -Butanol 2-Ethylbutyl Alcohol Ethyl Butyrate... 

Tetrabutyl Titanate 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroe thane Tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloromethane 1-Tetradecanol Tetradecanol Tetradecanol 1-Tetradecene N-Tetradecyl Alcohol T etradecylbenzene Tetradecylbenzenesulfonic Acid Tetraethyl Dithionopyropliosphate Tetraethyl Dithiopyrophosphate Tetraethyl Lead Tetraethyl Orthosilicate Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate 0,0,0,0-Tetraethyl Pyrophosphorodithionate Tetraethylene Glycol T etraetliylenepentamine Tetraethyl Silicate Tetrafluoroethylene Inhibited Tetrahydrofuran T etrahydronaphthalene T etrahy dro-P -Oxazine T etrahydro-2H-1,4-Oxazine Tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-Dioxide T etrahydroxymethylmethane Tetralin... 

Fig. 19. Effect of pB on surface potential of (a) octadecyl methyl ether, (6) tetradecyl alcohol, (c) myristic acid.

The dependence of equilibrium film thickness on surfactant concentration has been studied for various surfactant kinds ionic surfactants dodecyl- and tetradecyl sodium sulphate, Igepon T, cetylpyridine chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [95,189] nonionic surfactants 15- and 20-oxyethylated octylphenols, 6- and 11-oxyethylated dodecyl alcohols, dimethylsulphoxide [189]. Fig. 3.20 depicts the h(C) dependence for some of these surfactants. 

SYNS MYRISTYL ALCOHOL (mixed isomers) TETRADECYL ALCOHOL... 

TETRADECANOL, mixed isomers see TBY500 n-TETRADECOIC ACID see MSA250 TETRADECYL ALCOHOL see TBY500 TETRADECYL DIMETHYL BENZYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE see TCA500... 

Allergic contact dermatitis, characterized by erythema, palpable edema, and raised borders, was attributed to benzyl alcohol (2). In this case, the benzyl alcohol was present as a preservative in an injectable solution of sodium tetradecyl sulfate, a sclerosing agent used for the treatment of varicose veins. The author provided a hst of 151 injectable formulations (48 for subcutaneous administration) that contained benzyl alcohol as a preservative in the range 0.5-2.0%. The list included hormones and steroids, antihypertensive drugs (reserpine), vitamin formulations (vitamins B12 and Bg), ammonium sulfate, antihistamines, antibiotics, heparin (17 brands), tranquillizers, and sclerosing agents (sodium morrhuate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate). 

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