Tetrabutyl titanate

Twelve-membered rings have been obtained using coordination catalysts. The transJmns,ds-cyc. ododec2Lti ien.e has been prepared with a tetrabutyl titanate—diethylalurninum chloride catalyst (48,49) and with a chromium-based system (50). The trans,trans,trans-isom.e-i. has been prepared with a nickel system. 

Tetrabutyl titanates as eco-friendly esterification and trans-esterification catalysts... 

Tetraalkyl titanates are the most commonly used catalysts for PBT polymerization [8], The varieties of titanates include tetraisopropyl titanate (TPT), tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and tetra(2-ethylhexyl) titanate (TOT). Titanates effectively speed the reaction rate with few detrimental effects on the resin. Alkoxy zirconium and tin compounds, as well as other metal alkoxides, may also be used in PBT polymerization. 

Hsu, J. and Choi, K. Y., Kinetics of transesterification of dimethyl tereph-thalate with 1,4-butanediol catalyzed by tetrabutyl titanate,./. Appl. Polym. Sci., 32, 3117-3132 (1986). 

TBT = tetrabutyl titanate and C94 catalyst = titanium and silica-based catalyst. 

O-Dichlorobenzene Catechol Phosphoric Acid Tetrabutyl Titanate O-Xylene... 

Tetrabutyl Titanate 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroe thane Tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloromethane 1-Tetradecanol Tetradecanol Tetradecanol 1-Tetradecene N-Tetradecyl Alcohol T etradecylbenzene Tetradecylbenzenesulfonic Acid Tetraethyl Dithionopyropliosphate Tetraethyl Dithiopyrophosphate Tetraethyl Lead Tetraethyl Orthosilicate Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate 0,0,0,0-Tetraethyl Pyrophosphorodithionate Tetraethylene Glycol T etraetliylenepentamine Tetraethyl Silicate Tetrafluoroethylene Inhibited Tetrahydrofuran T etrahydronaphthalene T etrahy dro-P -Oxazine T etrahydro-2H-1,4-Oxazine Tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-Dioxide T etrahydroxymethylmethane Tetralin... 

Compound Name Triethylenetetramine Tetrabutyl Titanate Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroe thane T etrachloroethylene Carbon Tetrachloride Tetradecanol Tetradecanol... 

Thorium Nitrate Thorium Nitrate Trichloroethylene T riisobuty laluminum T riisobutylaluminum Tetrabutyl Titanate Tetrabutyl Titanate Titanium Tetrachloride Toluene... 

Synthesis of the 2G-based copolymer can be somewhat more difficult than synthesis of the analogous 4G-based copolymer. If the ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate monomers are prereacted to form bis (2-hydroxy ethyl) terephthalate, and this product is then copolymerized with poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol to form the block copolymer using tetrabutyl titanate as the transesterification catalyst, the reaction proceeds readily and copolymer of high inherent viscosity is easily obtained. If the ethylene glycol monomer is not prereacted and tetrabutyl titanate is again used as the transesterification catalyst, the copolymerization proceeds more slowly and a block copolymer of lower inherent viscosity is usually obtained. 

Ba(0H)2 8H20 was dissolved in stearic acid slowly, stirred and heated at a certain temperature. The barium stearate formed after some hours, to which a stoichiometric amount of tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4) was added with stirring. The reaction mixture was kept at a certain temperature for hours to form white sol. The sol was dried in the air for 24 hours, and then the gel with a three-dimensionional net-like structure was formed. The BaTiOj powder was obtained by annealing the gel at 750 C in the air for 1 h by using a conventional furnace. 

In our studies we synthesized surfactant salts of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and reacted them with tetraethyl orthosilicate (tetrabutyl titanate) in a salt-gel reaction in order to obtain a three-dimensional tunnel structure. It is based on the hydrothermal reaction using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a structuredirecting agent. Phosphomolybdic acid is unstable when the temperature is over 723 K. Calcination to decompose the template will make the inorganic portion of the structure to collapse invariably and to form dense M0O3.X phases. Therefore, we... 

We also used the surfactant salts of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) to react with tetrabutyl titanate instead of TEOS in order to obtain a containing-titania mesoporous phosphomolybdic acid. However, after the solvent extraction, the titania-modified samples exhibited a BET surface area of only 7 13 mVg, which indicated that there are no inner pores in it. We think that it may be due to the difficulty in the formation of the Mo-O-Ti bonds. 

Monomers and catalysts. The monomers methylhydroquinone (MHQ), t-butyl-hydroquinone (BHQ), resorcinol (RO), hydroquinone (HQ), diphenyl carbonate and catalyst tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) were purchased (Aldirch) and used as received. 

For the polymerization to proceed at a reasonable rate, the use of a transesterification catalyst is needed. Compounds which are usually used as a catalyst for the preparation of polyesters through transesterification can be used here. These include lithium, sodium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, titanium, maganese, cobalt, tin, antimony, etc. in the form of a hydride, hydroxide, oxide, halide, alcoholate, or phenolate or in the form of salts of organic or mineral acids, complex salts, or mixed salts.(10) In this study, tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) in the amount of 1000 ppm was used normally. 

Titania sol and gel prepared through the hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate in acid water solution are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and turn into blue color [137]. Electron spin-resonance measurement showed that the pho-tochromism was ascribed to the presence of titanium (III) ions in the Ti-O-Ti network. The titanium (III) ions could be oxidized by the oxygen in the atmosphere, and then the sol and gel faded slowly. The absorption peaks in the optical absorption spectra of the titania gel were attributed to the transition of 3-dimensional electrons of a trivalent titanium in certain environments. 

Wu et al. [59] have used a combined procedure of microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal method (MMH) to prepare uniform-sized nanoparticles of Ti02 (both rutile and anatase). Tetrabutyl titanate was dissolved in HC1 or HNO3, and the solution was then allowed to disperse in an organic phase to prepare the microemulsion. The aqueous core of the system, water/cyclohexane/Triton XIOO/hexanol was used as the microreactor for the controlled growth of Ti02 particles under hydrothermal conditions. The influences... 

As a consequence of the equilibrium reaction (8.31), each hydroxyl group from the reaction system acts as a real transfer agent and as chain initiator. The catalysts with the general formula (RO-)nMen+ may be for example aluminium tri (isopropylate), or tetrabutyl titanate, stannous octoate or similar catalysts. 

TETRABUTYL TITANATE (5593-70-4) C,4H]404Ti Combustible organometallic liquid. Forms explosive mixture with air [explosion limits in air (vol %) 2.0 to 12.0 flashpoint 170°F/77°C cc Fire Rating 2]. A reducing agent. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers and many other materials. Reacts with water producing butanol and titanium dioxide, and possibly, toxic or flammable fumes. Incompatible with acids sulfuric acid, nitric acid bases, amines, amides. 

TiOj Tetrabutyl titanate Span-80/cyclohexane/iso-pentanol/ water... 

TiOj Tetrabutyl titanate Triton X-lOO/hexanol/cyclohexane/ water... 

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