Airway immune response

Schmitz N, Kurrer M, Kopf M. 2003. The IL-1 receptor 1 is critical for TH2 cell type airway immune responses in a mild but not in more severe asthma model. Eur J Immunol. 33 ... 

Iwamura and Ueda [386] described compound (611) as a CB2 selective inverse agonist in a patent application. The potential therapeutic roles of CB2 antagonists are not clearly defined at the moment, although roles in regulation of the immune system and inflammation have been widely proposed. This patent application describes that activity of compound (611) in a mouse model of asthma, in which the compound suppressed immediate and late-phase asthmatic response and airway hyper-responsiveness. 

John AE, Gerard CJ, Schaller M, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced exaggeration of allergic airway disease is dependent upon CCRI-associated immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2005 35(1) 108-116. 

Tsuyuki, S., Tsuyuki, J., Einsle, K., Kopf, M. and Coyle, A.J. (1997) Co-stimulation through B7-2 (CD86) is required for the induction of a lung mucosal T helper cell 2 (Th2) immune response and altered airway responsiveness. Journal of Experimental Medicine 185, 1671-1679. 

Respiratory allergies and infections are the most common form of illness in the United States and Europe and account for more missed school and work days than any other disease [1], A substantial body of experimental work has clearly shown that airborne toxicants such as tobacco smoke, ozone, and other air pollutants can alter many aspects of the host defense network to either decrease resistance to infection, or exacerbate respiratory allergies and asthma [2], Exposure to air toxicants can suppress a number of key host defenses including mucociliary clearance in the airways, pulmonary macrophage function, and development of specific immune responses such as IgG antibody production and cell mediated immunity. In contrast, immune stimulation in the form of increased T cell activity and IgE antibody formation has also has been shown to occur under some circumstances, resulting in increased incidence or severity of allergic lung disease. 

An aberrant immune response associated with allergy appears to underlie asthma in most children over age 3 years and in most young adults allergy-induced asthma is also known as extrinsic asthma. In contrast, a large number of patients, especially those who acquire asthma as older adults, have no discernible immunological basis for their condition, although airway inflammation remains a characteristic of the disease this type of... 

Winkler B, Baier B, Wagner S, Repa A, Scheiner O, Kraft D, Wiedermann U Mucosal tolerance as therapy of type I allergy Intranasal application of recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, leads to the suppression of allergic immune responses and airway inflammation in sensitized mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2002 32 30-36. 

Our study confirms the clinical effectiveness of LNIT in reducing clinical symptoms and drug intake under natural allergen exposure. Specific LNIT appears to offer considerable advantages over other hyposensitization methods. As a matter of fact parenteral therapy is in many cases unsuccessful (incomplete and temporary) regarding recrudescence of symptoms, and, from an immunological point of view, produces a systemic immune response without interesting the local one of fundamental importance in upper airway reactivity. 

Schleimer RP. Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation but spare innate immune responses in airway epithelium. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2004 1 222-230. 

The outer region of the core oligosaccharide affects the innate immune responses in the normal host. For example, patients with cystic fibrosis are hypersusceptible to chronic airway infections, particularly with Pseudomonas aeruginosa [127], It was shown that the outer-core region of the LPS of P. aeruginosa influences a critical step... 

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