Affinity biosensor

Affinity Biosensors Based on Spectroscopy of Guided Waves... 

Main types of biomolecular recognition elements used in affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided modes include antibodies, nucleic acids and biomimetic materials. Antibodies are used most frequently because of their high affinity, versatility, and commercial availability. 

Figure 8. Concept of affinity biosensor based on spectroscopy of guided waves.

Affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided modes have been used for detection of small analytes such as pesticides and herbicides... 

Representatives of medium-size analytes detected by affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided modes include food-safety related analytes such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B , botulinum toxin, and E. coli... 

Large analytes targeted by affinity biosensor technology include bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes. Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes were detected by an SPR sensor at concentrations down to 106 cfu/ml27. 

Future development of affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided waves will be driven by the needs of the consumer. These biosensor technologies hold potential to benefit important fields including pharmaceutical research, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and security. Applications in these areas will challenge research and development in the field. 

F. Frederix, K. Bonroy, W. Laureyn, G. Reekmans, A. Campitelli, W. Dehaen, and G. Maes, Enhanced performance of an affinity biosensor interface based on mixed self-assembled monolayers of thiols on gold. Langmuir 19, 4351-4357 (2003). 

Mannelli I, Minunni M, Tombelli S, Mascini M (2003) Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) affinity biosensor for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) detection. Biosens Bioelectron 18 129-140... 

SPR biosensors are label-free detection devices - binding between the biomolecular recognition element and analyte can be observed directly without the use of radioactive or fluorescent labels. In addition, the binding event can be observed in real-time. SPR affinity biosensors can, in principle, detect any analyte for which an appropriate biomolecular recognition element is available. Moreover, analyte molecules do not have to exhibit any special properties such as fluorescence or characteristic absorption or scattering bands. 

Various types of biomolecular recognition elements have been exploited in affinity biosensors. These include antibodies ", aptamers, peptides , and... 

SPR affinity biosensors have been developed to detect an analyte in a variety of formats. The choice of detection format for a particular application depends on the size of target analyte molecules, binding characteristics of available biomolecular recognition element, and range of concentrations of analyte to be measured. The main detection formats used in SPR biosensors include direct detection (Fig. 11), sandwich assay (Fig. 12) and inhibition assay (Fig. 13). 

Figure 11. Detection formats used in SPR affinity biosensors direct detection.

K. R. Rogers and A. Mulchandani. eds.. Affinity Biosensors. Techniques and Protocols (Totowa, NJ Humana Press, 1998) E. Palacek and M. Fojta, Detecting DNA Hybridization and Damage, Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 75A. 

This book on Electrochemical (Bio)Sensor Analysis, edited by S. Alegret and A. Merko< i, is an additional step to advance the field of rapid analysis. It presents advanced sensor developments as well as practical applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors in various fields in a single source. The book contains 38 chapters grouped into seven sections (a) Potentiometric sensors, (b) Yoltammetric (bio)sensors, (c) Gas sensors, (d) Enzyme based sensors, (e) Affinity biosensors, (f) Thick and thin film biosensors, and (g) Novel trends. This interdisciplinary book has contributions from well-known specialists in the field and will be a useful resource for professionals with an interest in the application of electrochemical (bio)sensors. 

Electrochemical immunosensing of food residues by affinity biosensors and magneto sensors... 

G. Evtugyn, A. Mingaleva, H. Budnikov, E. Stoikova, V. Vinter and S. Eremin, Affinity biosensors based on disposable screen-printed electrodes modified with DNA, Anal. Chim. Acta, 479 (2003) 125-134. 

Immunosensors are affinity biosensors and are defined as analytical devices that detect the binding of an antigen to its specific antibody by coupling the immunochemical reaction to the surface of a device... 

In the last 20 years, there has been a continuous increase in the use of nucleic acid combined with electrochemical transducers to produce a new kind of affinity biosensor. Among the different kind of electrochemical sensor formats available, SPE based on thick and thin film technology have played an important role. This is surely due to their recognized advantages in terms of cost that allow their disposable use. 

It is well known that affinity biosensors, usually DNA sensors or immunosensors, require a biorecognition molecule that demonstrates a high affinity and specificity for the target biomarker. 

The development of electrochemical genosensors and immunosen-sors based on labelling with NPs has registered an important growth, principally for clinical and environmental applications. The electrochemical detection of NP labels in affinity biosensors using stripping methods allows the detailed study of DNA hybridisation as well as immunoreactions with interest in genosensor or immunosensor applications. 

Affinity biosensors 236, 238, 942, el05 Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) 537 Aflatoxin Ml (anti-AFMl) 538 AFM1 538 AFP 513... 

Part I contains general reviews on the theoretical and practical aspects related to the application of (bio) sensors in various fields. Its 38 chapters are grouped in seven sections 1) Potentiometric sensors, 2) Voltammetric sensors, 3) Gas sensors, 4) Enzyme based sensors, 5) Affinity biosensors, 6) Thick and thin film (bio) sensors and 7) Novel trends. 

A biosensor is a sensing device that is integrated within or intimately associated with a physical transducer. Such a system quantifies electronic signals arising from the interaction between a biosensor and an analyte of interest. Catalytic biosensors use enzymes, microorganisms, or whole cells to catalyze a reaction with the target analyte, while affinity biosensors utilize antibodies, receptors, or nucleic acids to bind with the target analyte. 

Reid E, Hill HM, Wilson ID (1998) Drug Development Assay Approaches including Molecular Imprinting and Biomarkers. Methodological Surveys in Bioanalysis of Drugs. Vol. 25, The Royal Society of Chemistry Rogers KR, Mulchandani M (eds) (1998) Affinity Biosensors. Human Press, Totowa... 

Mannelli F, Minunni A, Tombelli S, Wang RH, Spiriti MM, Mascini M (2005) Direct immobilisation of DNA probes for the development of affinity biosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 66 129-138... 

Mitsui K, Handa Y, Kajikawa K (2004) Optical fiber affinity biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance. Appl Phys Lett 85 4231 233... 

---