Biosensors affinity ligand-based

Biocomponent or affinity ligand enzyme electrode, whole cell biosensor, tissue-based electrode, bacterial electrode, yeast probe, imunoelectrode, affinity electrode, receptrode, DNA-probe... 

One way to reduce the number of independent variables in the FRET-adjusted spectral equation is to use samples with a fixed donor-to-acceptor ratio. Under these conditions, the values of d and a are no longer independent, but rather the concentration of d is now a function of a and vice-versa. This approach is typical for the situation of FRET-based biosensor constructs. These sensors normally are designed to have a donor fluorophore attached to an acceptor by a domain whose structure is altered either as a result of a biological activity (such as proteolysis or phosphorylation), or by its interaction with a specific ligand with which it has high affinity. In general, FRET based biosensors have a stoichiometry of one... 

Aptamers hold great promise as molecular recognition tools for their incorporation into analytical devices, and in particular, they can be used as immobilized ligands in separation technologies (Clark and Remcho, 2002), as affinity probes in capillary electrophoresis-based quantitative assays (Kotia and McGown, 2000), in affinity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)(Dick and McGown, 2004), and as biocomponents in biosensors (Tombelli et al., 2005). Other aptamer-based bioanalytical applications have been reviewed (Yon et al., 2003 Mukhopadhyay, 2005). 

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