Aerospace applications space shuttle

Observations for cured epoxy resins and resins derived from 1,2-polybutadlene crosslinked with t-butylstyrene are reported. These resins find applications in aerospace industry, including high performance, Kevlar 49, filament wound, pressure vessels on Skylab and the Space Shuttle. 

Some applications of the synthetic fluids are motor oil, trucks, marine diesel, transmissions and industrial lubricants, aviation and aerospace lubricants, fire-resistant fluids, and greases. Specifications for several military lubricants can be met only by a synthetic product. All commercial and military jet aircraft engines use synthetic lubricants, in addition to the space shuttle, NASA, and nuclear submarines. 

Other forms of carbon-carbon composites have been or are being developed for space shuttle leading edges, nuclear fuel containers for satellites, aircraft engine adjustable exhaust nozzles, and the main structure for the proposed National Aerospace plane (34). For reusable applications, a silicon carbide [409-21-2] based coating is added to retard oxidation (35,36), with a boron [7440-42-8] based sublayer to seal any cracks that may form in the coating. 

Major polymer applications aerospace, electronics (mostly films and coatings), photosensitive materials for positive imaging, solar cells, hollow fiber membranes, composites. unclear power plants, space shuttle, microprocessor chip carriers, structural adhesives... 

Originally, requirements in aerospace applications played a decisive role in developing ceramic matrix composites. Selection criteria for materials in power plants, heat shield systems for space shuttles and rockets, were a desperate temperature resistance and good characteristics considering its mass. In practice, one of the first... 

Aerospace Industry AppUcations. NASA s space program utilizes cryogenic liquids to propel rockets. Rockets carry liquid hydrogen for fuel and liquid oxygen for combustion. Cryogenic hydrogen fuel is what enables NASA s workhorse space shuttle to get into orbit. Another application is using liquid helium to cool the infrared telescopes on rockets. 

Carbon-fiber composites are found in many new structural applications such as racing cars, fishing poles, tennis rackets, competition skis, and sailboat spars. However, their greatest impact is in the aerospace industry with applications in the space shuttle, advanced passenger airplanes, aircraft brakes, and many others. 

Silver-zinc batteries have found wide use on numerous space applications, including launch-vehicle guidance and control, telemetry, and destruct power Apollo lunar spacecraft, lunar and Mars rovers, and lunar drill power space shuttle payload launch and get-away special batteries as well as power for the life-support equipment used by the U.S. astronauts during Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVA). Figure 33.23 shows a typical aerospace battery consisting of ten 145-Ah silver-zinc cells housed in a cast magnesium case, equipped with a pressure relief valve, a pressurizing valve, and a battery connector. 

Aerospace applications of ceramic matrix composites to date have been limited. Perhaps the most significant are the aircraft engine flaps used on a French fighter. There are two types. Both use silicon carbide matrices. One is reinforced with carbon fibers, and the other with a multifllament silicon carbide fiber. Another application is a missile diverter thruster made of carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide. Again, the process used to make this part is CVI. The Space Shuttle Orbiter thermal protection system (TPS) makes extensive use of tiles composed of a three-dimensional network of discontinuous oxide fibers with silicate surface layers. While there is no continuous matrix for most of the tile, the surface region is a form of CMC. In a sense, this can be considered to be a type of functionally graded material. 

Aerospace applications have always been extensive and are still growing, due to the outstanding resistance of these sealants to extremes of temperature and various forms of radiation. Sealants designed to emit virtually no volatile components in the high-vacuum environment of deep space are used to fasten solar panels in place and to perform other sealing functions in delicate satellite assemblies where stray condensable contaminants must be avoided near sensitive optical and electronic devices. Other sealants are used to fasten space shuttle tiles in place and for other applications where the maintenance of elastomeric properties is essential over a wide range of temperatures. 

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