Space shuttle orbiter

Space Shuttle Space shuttle Columbia Space shuttle orbiter Space shuttle vehicles Space suits Space technology... 

Hydrofracturing In situ rock melting Solar orbit-Space shuttle Moon crater-Rocket/sofl lander Solar escape-Electric cannon Fission reactors Fusion reactors Electromagnetic accelerators... 

After the successful completion of all Apollo missions, the UTC began developing batteries for a new spacecraft, the Orbiter Space Shuttle. This spacecraft had much larger energy requirements and needed a much more powerful battery. It led to a... 

As to the use of fuel cell-based power plants in other transport means, we have repeatedly spoken in the present book about practical applications of such plants in manned spacecraft. The first examples were 1-kW PEMFC plants used in the 1960s in Gemini spacecraft, now outdated then three 1.5-kW AFC plants each used in Apollo-ty t spacecraft in the 1970s, and finally, three 12-kW AFC plants each in the Orbiter space shuttles used until the present. 

H. N. KeUey and G. L. SEAh, Assessment of Alternate Thermal Protection Systemsfor the Space Shuttle Orbiter (AIAA/ASME 3rd Joint Thermophysics, Eluids, Plasma and Heat Transfer Conference, June 7—11, 1982, St. Louis, Mo., AIAA-82-0899, 1982. 

C. D. Lutes, Nonlinear Modeling and Initial Condition Estimation for Identifying the Aerothermodynamic Environment of the Space Shuttle Orbiter, Masters thesis. Air Eorce Institute of Technology, WPAPB, Ohio, Jan. 1984. 

BeryUium is used in the space shuttle orbiter as window frames, umbUical doors, and the navigation base assembly. An important appHcation for beryUium is inertial guidance components for missiles and aircraft. Here the lightweight, high elastic modulus, dimensional stabUity, and the capabUity of being machined to extremely close tolerances are aU important. 

Typical polarization curves for alkaline fuel cells are shown in Fig, 27-63, It is apparent that the all aline fuel cell can operate at about 0,9 and 5()() rnA/cnr current density. This corresponds to an energy conversion efficiency of about 60 percent IIII, The space shuttle orbiter powder module consists of three separate units, each measuring 0,35 by 0,38 by I rn (14 by 15 by 40 in), weighing 119 kg (262 lb), and generating 15 kW of powder. The powder density is about 100 W/L and the specific powder, 100 W/kg,... 

Space Shuttle 1-2 solid boosters 2,040 tons orbiter 94,000 1.45% reusable launch vehicle (RLV). 

One of the seemingly obvious ways to cut down the cost is a reusable launch vehicle, such as the Space Shuttle. NA.SA hoped that the enormous cost of the Space Shuttle development would have been compensated by the expected tenfold reduction in the price of putting a payload in orbit. Unfortunately, that goal was not achieved. Despite the Shuttle s unique capabilities, the cost of its payload deliveiy... 

Leger, L. Oxygen Atom Reaction with Space Shuttle Materials at Orbital Altitudes, NASA Technical Memorandum 58246, May 1982... 

Oxygen is a vital element for many processes. The space shuttle, for example, relies on engines powered by liquid oxygen to reach an orbit around Earth. The atmosphere contains... 

Materials Used for Heat Protection in the Space Shuttle Orbiter. The Locations Are Given in Figure 18.7... 

Fuel cells have also been used for Skylab, a space station launched on May 14, 1973, and in orbit for more than six years, as well as in the space shuttles. Other uses for these reliable devices include providing electricity at remote facilities that are beyond the reach of power lines, and as back-up generators at hospitals, which cannot afford to lose power for any length of time. 

We shall see throughout this book that different chemical and physical processes occur in the troposphere and stratosphere, and we shall frequently refer to different regions in Fig. 1.1. However, it is important to put the atmosphere in perspective with respect to the size of the earth itself. The earth s average diameter is 12,742 km, yet the average distance from the earth s surface to the top of the stratosphere is only 50 km, less than 0.4% of the earth s diameter The space shuttle orbits outside the atmosphere, but at an altitude of only several hundred miles, which is less than the distance from Los Angeles to San Francisco. Clearly, the atmosphere is a very thin, and as we shall see, fragile shield upon which life as we know it on earth depends. 

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