Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Fang, B., Song, Y., Zhao, R. C., Han, Q., and Lin, Q. 2007. Using human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as salvage therapy for hepatic graft-versus-host disease resembling acute hepatitis. 

Kim, SB and Kwak, H. 2007. Poster 278 The effects of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on nemologic recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehab 88(9) E91-E91. 

Lu Z, Roohani-Esfahani S-I, Wang G, Zreiqat H. Bone biomimetic microenvironment indnces osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Nanomedicine 2012 8(4) 507-15. 

Sphingosine-l-phosphate (SIP), for instance, a key member of the sphingoHpids, is pivotal in the induction of numerous cellular processes. SIP is involved in the survival, proliferation, and regulation of apoptosis in human embryonic stem cells [71]. Additionally, SIP maintains growth and multipotency of human bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [72]. A recent study involving culturing human umbilical cord MSC with cardiomyocytes-conditioned medium supplemented with SIP showed that SIP is able to trigger and potentiate differentiation and maturation of human umbilical cord MSC into cardiomyocytes. 

Fang B, Song YP, Liao LM, Han Q, Zhao RC. 2006. Treatment of severe therapy-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease with human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 38(5) 389-90. 

Ob, JS, Ha, Y, An, SS, Kban, M, Pennant, WA, Kim, HJ, Yoon do, H, Lee, M, and Kim, KN. 2010. Hypoxia-preconditioned adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell increase tbe survival and gene expression of engineered neural stem cells in a spinal cord injury modeL Neuroscience Letters 472(3) 215-219. 

Stem cells are mainly classified as adult stem cells and ESCs. ESCs are obtained from embryonic blastocysts, and adult stem cells are derived from various tissues of developed (adult) or developing individuals. The most commonly studied adult stem cells are the bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and the adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), discussed in this review. 

S.D. Lin, K.H. Wang, A.P. Kao, Engineered adipose tissue of predefined shape and dimensions from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 14 (2008) 571-581. 

J.R. Mauney, et al.. Engineering adipose-Uke tissue in vitro and in vivo utilizing human bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds, Biomaterials 28 (2007) 5280-5290. 

Trachea TE has been one of the most promising approaches to providing a potential clinical application for the treatment of long-segment tracheal stenosis. The sources of the cells are particularly important as the primary factor for TE. Besides autologous mature cells, various stem cells, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipose tissue—derived stem cells, umbilical cord blood—derived mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic fluid stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, have received extensive attention in trachea TE [118]. 

This review provides an introduction to the different methods utilized for the fabrication of nanostructures, the different kinds of nanotopographies, and the major stem cell types studied in the field of tissue regeneration. Emphasis is given to the attachment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on biomimetic nanomaterials for advancing the field of bone, cartilage, cardiac, nerve, and skin tissue regeneration. 

Mesenchymal stem cells are a valuable therapeutic tool in tissue engineering because they proliferate and differentiate into distinct cellular phenotypes, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and muscle cells. Mesenchymal stem cells have been initially identified in bone marrow as nonhe-matopoietic stem cells, called bone marrow-derived stan cells. Their osteogenic differentiation potential was described by Maniatopoulos et al. (1988). The adipose tissue, often removed during... 

Figure 19.1 Cardiac tissue engineering triad. Schematic representation of the interplay between the components of the cardiac tissue engineering triad. Biomaterials are key components for cardiac tissue engineering applications and play a critical role in this technology. MSC, mesenchymal stem cell ADSC, adipose stem cell iPS, induced pluripotent cell CPC, cardiac progenitor cell VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor FGF, fibroblast growth factor NRG, neuregulin EPO, erythropoietin HGF, hepatocyte growth factor SDF-1, stromal cell—derived factor 1.

Ronziere, M.G. et al., Chondrogenic potential of bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomed Mater Eng, 2010. 20(3) 145-58. 

In some cases, it is possible for superhydrophobic surfaces to stimulate the attachment of eukaryotic cells.The available literature on this topic tends to focus on the adhesion of stem cells derived from various tissues. Adipose-derived and mesenchymal stem cells have been show to attach in greater numbers to superhydrophobic polystyrene and modified Ti02 nanotubes, respectively (Bauer et al., 2008 Cha et al., 2011). Cell attachment was also substantially enhanced however, this attachment was lost after 3 days. When working with stem cells, it is also important to monitor the difierentiation ability of the cells when the are attaching to the surface, rather than only their ability to adhere. Stem cells attached to superhydrophobic surfaces appear to vary in their ability... 

---