Adhesive mounting

Using factorial analysis, samples of the mohair/silk (MS) fabric were variously treated with a selection of flame retardants, back-coating formulations and adhesive, mounted on a typical aramid honeycomb board specimen, and each composite was tested using cone calorimetry at the preferred heat flux of 50 kW (shown to be equivalent to the 35 kW m flux used in the OSU calorimeter). 1 An optimum combination of flame retardant, back-coating and adhesive at specific application levels was found to yield the lowest heat release values, and this system was applied to each of the above six fabrics. Testing in both the OSU at 35 kW m heat flux and at 50 kW m" in the cone calorimeter gave the results for peak heat release in Table 4.5 below. From this it is seen that all fabrics have PHRR values < 65 kW m" and that OSU and cone calorimeter results are equivalent. 

Plastic molded and adhesive mounted micropumps and microvalves will be used as active microfluidic components (see [10] this issue). The microchannel system for connecting all components (several sensors, the analyte to be measured, the calibrating solution reservoirs, the micropumps and valves) is under construction and will be fabricated with the standardized molding and mounting technology. 

Often, detector arrays are adhesively mounted in leadless ceramic chip carriers (LCCs). Electrical leads are plated on the surface of the LCC and mate with matching spring-loaded, gold-plated contacts in a socket that can be mounted in a dewar, while allowing the flat back of the LCC to be pressed against the dewar s cold surface. In this case, a 3-5 mil (0.003-0.005 in.) thick sheet of indium is placed between the... 

Cyanoacrylate adhesives (Super-Glues) are materials which rapidly polymerize at room temperature. The standard monomer for a cyanoacrylate adhesive is ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate [7085-85-0], which readily undergoes anionic polymerization. Very rapid cure of these materials has made them widely used in the electronics industry for speaker magnet mounting, as weU as for wire tacking and other apphcations requiring rapid assembly. Anionic polymerization of a cyanoacrylate adhesive is normally initiated by water. Therefore, atmospheric humidity or the surface moisture content must be at a certain level for polymerization to take place. These adhesives are not cross-linked as are the surface-activated acryhcs. Rather, the cyanoacrylate material is a thermoplastic, and thus, the adhesives typically have poor temperature resistance. 

Wire cords are particularly subject to degradation of their adhesion values by moisture. To combat this, halogenated butyl (HIIR) is used in tire innerliners because of its property of low air and water vapor diffusion rates. Moisture is present in most air pumps and many tires are mounted with water left in the tire on mounting. For these reasons tires and tire compounds are tested extensively at simulated aging conditions in the laboratory and on test vehicles before they are sold to the customer. 

The SFA, originally developed by Tabor and Winterton [56], and later modified by Israelachvili and coworkers [57,58], is ideally suited for measuring molecular level adhesion and deformations. The SFA, shown schematically in Fig. 8i,ii, has been used extensively to measure forces between a variety of surfaces. The SFA combines a Hookian mechanism for measuring force with an interferometer to measure the distance between surfaces. The experimental surfaces are in the form of thin transparent films, and are mounted on cylindrical glass lenses in the SFA using an appropriate adhesive. SFA has been traditionally employed to measure forces between modified mica surfaces. (For a summary of these measurements, see refs. [59,60].) In recent years, several researchers have developed techniques to measure forces between glassy and semicrystalline polymer films, [61-63] silica [64], and silver surfaees [65,66]. The details on the SFA experimental procedure, and the summary of the SFA measurements may be obtained elsewhere (see refs. [57,58], for example.). 

Thin sheets of mica or polymer films, which are coated with silver on the back side, are adhered to two cylindrical quartz lenses using an adhesive. It may be noted that it is necessary to use an adhesive that deforms elastically. One of the lenses, with a polymer film adhered on it, is mounted on a weak cantilever spring, and the other is mounted on a rigid support. The axes of these lenses are aligned perpendicular to each other, and the geometry of two orthogonally crossed cylinders corresponds to a sphere on a flat surface. The back-silvered tbin films form an optical interferometer which makes it possible... 

The surface forces apparatus (SEA) can measure the interaction forces between two surfaces through a liquid [10,11]. The SEA consists of two curved, molecularly smooth mica surfaces made from sheets with a thickness of a few micrometers. These sheets are glued to quartz cylindrical lenses ( 10-mm radius of curvature) and mounted with then-axes perpendicular to each other. The distance is measured by a Fabry-Perot optical technique using multiple beam interference fringes. The distance resolution is 1-2 A and the force sensitivity is about 10 nN. With the SEA many fundamental interactions between surfaces in aqueous solutions and nonaqueous liquids have been identified and quantified. These include the van der Waals and electrostatic double-layer forces, oscillatory forces, repulsive hydration forces, attractive hydrophobic forces, steric interactions involving polymeric systems, and capillary and adhesion forces. Although cleaved mica is the most commonly used substrate material in the SEA, it can also be coated with thin films of materials with different chemical and physical properties [12]. 

The glass polyalkenoate cement uniquely combines translucency with the ability to bond to untreated tooth material and bone. Indeed, the only other cement to possess translucency is the dental silicate cement, while the zinc polycarboxylate cement is the only other adhesive cement. It is also an agent for the sustained release of fluoride. For these reasons the glass polyalkenoate cement has many applications in dentistry as well as being a candidate bone cement. Its translucency makes it a favoured material both for the restoration of front teeth and to cement translucent porcelain teeth and veneers. Its adhesive quality reduces and sometimes eliminates the need for the use of the dental drill. The release of fluoride from this cement protects neighbouring tooth material from the ravages of dental decay. New clinical techniques have been devised to exploit the unique characteristics of the material (McLean Wilson, 1977a,b,c Wilson McLean, 1988 Mount, 1990). 

The glass-ionomer cement is the most versatile of all the dental cements and has been developed for a variety of applications (McLean Wilson, 1974, 1977a,b,c Swift, 1988b van de Voorde, 1988 Wilson McLean, 1988 Mount, 1990). Many of its applications depend on its adhesive quality which means that, unlike the non-adhesive traditional filling materials, it does not require the preparation of mechanical undercuts for retention and the consequent loss of sound tooth material. 

The adhesive was developed for application to seal food containers with alumina foils and to seal glass plates. In this case, the vinyl polymerization step can be carried out by UV light radiation through the already mounted glass plates with a photoactive radical initiator to cure the viscous adhesive material. Another application of this material is the development of diffusion barrier containing protective coatings on medieval stained glasses (31). 

Prior to immunohistochemical staining, paraffin sections must be properly mounted onto slides, and then deparaffinized and rehydrated. To help adherence to the glass and decrease the chances of sections dissociating from the slides, paraffin tissue sections should be mounted on tissue-adhesive-coated slides. The use of tissue-adhesive-coated slides is especially important for paraffin tissue sections undergoing heat-induced antigen retrieval (see Sect. 6.1.1). 

As for paraffin sections, it is advisable to mount cryosections also onto adhesive-coated slides in order to decrease the chances of sections dissociating from the slides in the course of immunohistochemical staining. Once mounted on slides, cryosections are air-dried and fixed, usually in acetone or methanol. Aldehyde... 

Ready to use adhesive aqueous mounting media are available from Immunotech, Dako, Vector Laboratories, Molecular Probes, etc. 

This work was done in collaboration with Professor Hiroshi Yoneyama of Osaka University [124], The procedure used to prepare the LiMu204 tubules is shown schematically in Fig. 21. A commercially available alumina filtration membrane (Anopore, Whatman) was used as the template. Alumina is especially suited for this application because of its high porosity, monodispersity of pore size, and the fact that it can be heated to high temperature without degradation. This membrane contains 200-nm-diameter pores, is 60 p,m thick, and has a porosity of 0.6. A 1.5 cm X 1.5 cm piece of this membrane was mounted on a Pt plate (2 cm X 2 cm) by applying a strip of plastic adhesive tape (also 2 cm X 2 cm NICHIBAN VT-19) across the upper face of the membrane. The Pt plate will serve as the current collector for the LiMn204 battery electrode material. The strip of tape, which will be subsequently removed, had a 1.0 cm circular hole punched in it, which defined the area of the membrane used for the template synthesis of the LiMn204. 

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