Additives pour point depressant

Pourpoint additives Pour-point depressants Pour un Homme... 

Ageflex FM-68 Ageflex FM-1620 A13-25418 EINECS 251-013-5 Methacrylio acid, octadecyi ester Methacrylic acid, stearyl ester Octadecyl methacrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, octadecyl ester. Natural, C16-I8 methacrylates, with 100 ppm hydroquinone inhibitor lube oil additive, pour point depressant, paper coatings, textile finishes, paints, varnishes, pressure-sensitive adhesives. Lube oil additive, pour point depressant. Used in paper coatings, textile finishes, paints, varnishes, pressure-sensitive adhesives. Liquid bps = 181° d 8 = 0.868 f.p. -20° flash pt. 110°. Rit-Chem Rohm Haas Co. Sartomer. 

Practically all lubricating oils contain at least one additive some oils contain several. The amount of additive that is used varies from < 0.01 to 30% or more. Additives can have detrimental side effects, especially if the dosage is excessive or if interactions with other additives occur. Some additives are multifimctional, eg, certain VI improvers also function as pour-point depressants or dispersants. The additives most commonly used in hydrautic fluids include pour-point depressants, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, oxidation inhibitors, mst and corrosion inhibitors, and antiwear compounds. 

Pour-Point Depressants. The pour point of alow viscosity paraffinic oil may be lowered by as much as 30—40°C by adding 1.0% or less of polymethacrylates, polymers formed by Eriedel-Crafts condensation of wax with alkylnaphthalene or phenols, or styrene esters (22). As wax crystallizes out of solution from the Hquid oil as it cools below its normal pour point, the additive molecules appear to adsorb on crystal faces so as to prevent growth of an interlocking wax network which would otherwise immobilize the oil. Pour-point depressants become less effective with nonparaffinic and higher viscosity petroleum oils where high viscosity plays a dominant role in immobilizing the oil in a pour-point test. 

The pour point of a crude oil or product is the lowest temperature at which an oil is observed to flow under the conditions of the test. Pour point data indicates the amount of long-chain paraffins (petroleum wax) found in a crude oil. Paraffinic crudes usually have higher wax content than other crude types. Handling and transporting crude oils and heavy fuels is difficult at temperatures helow their pour points Often, chemical additives known as pour point depressants are used to improve the flow properties of the fuel. Long-chain n-paraffins ranging from 16-60 carhon atoms in particular, are responsible for near-ambient temperature precipitation. In middle distillates, less than 1% wax can be sufficient to cause solidification of the fuel. ... 

In addition to refining techniques, compounds identified as wax crystal modifiers are available for use in contending with the effects of wax in fuels. Wax crystal modifiers, also called pour point depressants or cold flow improvers, are typically polymeric compounds which have the ability to crystallize with fuel wax as it forms. By co-crystallizing with wax, the modifiers typically effect a change in the size, shape, and conformation of wax crystals. Other wax crystal modifiers function by dispersing or inhibiting the nucleation or growth of wax crystals within a fuel or oil. 

POUR POINT DEPRESSANT. An additive for lubricating and automotive oils that lowers the pour point (or increases the flow point) by 11.0°C. The agents now generally used are polymerized higher esters of acrylic add derivatives. They are most effective with low-viscosity oils. See also Petroleum. 

B) Performance additives (v) pour point depressants, and (vi) viscosity index (VI) improvers. Table 2.4 lists examples of performance additives. 

PPD PPD (pour point depressant). An additive used to lower the pour point of an oil by depressant modifying the structure of wax crystals. 

The addition of small amounts of cold flow improvers (also known as pour point depressants) brings the pour point of the diesel into the normal range. This can be achieved for example by addition of 1000 ppm of Callington Haven Roxdiesel Pour Point Depressant. 

It has been found that additives such as pour point depressants can lower the pom-point, but not the cloud point. It has been found empirically that styrene monomer can lower the cloud point since the paraffinic wax crystals are more soluble in the styrene than in the diesel. Styrene monomer is proposed as a suitable additive to depress the cloud point. 

Additives may be used to improve the fuel performance, and additives such as alkyl nitrates and nitrites (ASTM D-1839, ASTM D-4046) can improve ignition quality. Pour point depressants can improve low-temperature performance. Antismoke additives reduce exhaust smoke, which is of growing concern as more and more attention is paid to atmospheric pollution. Antioxidant and sludge dispersants may also be used, particularly with fuels formulated with cracked components, to prevent the formation of insoluble compounds that could cause line and filter plugging (ASTM D-2068, ASTM D-6371, IP 309). 

The pour point of wax-containing oils can be reduced by the use of special additives known as pour point depressants that inhibit the growth of wax crystals, thus preventing the formation of a solid structure. It is a recognized property of oil of this type that previous thermal history may affect the measured pour point. The test procedure (ASTM D-97, IP 15) also permits some measurement of the effect of thermal conditions on waxy oils. 

Only these five will be described in detail in the following section, and simplified chemical structures of the four basic technologies are given in Fig. 5.1. Some VI improver compositions have pour point depression activity and/or dispersancy, in addition to their basic viscosity control properties. The former are described as appropriate in the following sections but are described in greater detail in Section 6.2. 

There are a range of pour point depressant additives of different chemical species (i) Polymethacrylates represented by the unit group ... 

API GL-I. Lubricants intended for manual transmissions operating under such mild conditions that straight petroleum or refined petroleum oil may be used satisfactorily. Oxidation and rust inhibitors, defoamers and pour point depressants may be used to improve the characteristics of these lubricants. Eriction modifiers and extreme pressure additives may not be used. 

The additive % mass in lubricant formulations, including vn, pour point depressants and anti-foam agents, can total up to 20% of the total mass. SX petrol/gasoline progressions have encompassed increased lubricant service change... 

Anti-wear additives are but one of a number of additive types formulated into base oils - there are also anti-oxidants. Chapter 4, and anti-acid, detergents anddis-persants. Chapter 7, lubricity, anti-wear, extreme pressure, pour point depressants, anti-rust and anti-foam additives. Chapter 6. Viscosity index improvers, VIIs, are high-molecular weight polymers which alter the temperature dependence of the base oil viscosity. Chapter 5. Taken altogether, the additive mass percentage of a formulated lubricant can be as high as 15-20%, a veritable chemical soup but one which is very carefully formulated and tested. The additives are often multi-functional, thus some VII compounds have a pour point depressant function. Chapters 5 and 6. Some anti-oxidants have anti-wear and also anti-acid functionality. Chapters 4, 6 and 3. Given these cross-interactions, formulation of a final lubricant product is a complex and skilled activity. Chapters 8-13. 

POUR-POINT DEPRESSANT - An additive that lowers the pour point of a lubricant. 

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