Adaptive approach

Coller, J., and Wickens, M. (2007). Tethered function assays An adaptable approach to study RNA regulatory proteins. Methods Enzymol. 429, 299-321. 

In this section, we follow the symmetry-adapted approach put forward by Acevedo et al. [10], and introduce the vibronic crystal coupling constants Av y(i, t), the tensor operators 0 (Txr i, t) and the general symmetry-adapted coefficients to give a master formula to evaluate the relevant reduced matrix elements as given below ... 

When an accurate model of the reaction kinetics is not available, the estimation of the heat released can be achieved by resorting to model-free adaptive approaches, where the estimation of both unknown parameters and the effect of the heat released by the reaction can be computed by resorting, e.g., to universal interpolators. 

Quantum-chemical descriptors are used in several QSAR approaches, such as, for example, theoretical linear solvation energy relationships (TLSERs), - Mezey 3D shape analysis, - GIPF approach, - CODESSA method, -> ADAPT approach. 

To improve the performance of adaptive optimization, it may be useful to combine specific features of the various methods. For example, the combination of model adaptation (which ensures fast convergence for the first few iterations and detects changes in the active set) with direct-input adaptation (which provides the necessary gradients in the neighborhood of the plant optimum) has been demonstrated in [24]. Another interesting combination would be to use a modifier-adaptation approach at one time scale and perform model adaptation at a slower rate, thus giving rise to a two-time-scale adaptation strategy. 

Isobe, H., Takano, Y., Kitagawa, Y., Kawakami, T., Yamanaka, S., Yamaguchi, K., Houk, K. N. Systematic Comparisons between Broken Symmetry and Symmetry-Adapted Approaches to Transition States by Chemical Indices A Case Study of the Diels-Alder Reactions. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003,107, 682-694. 

Heavy metal and radionuclide concentrations in soils increase due to man-made pollution. One of the first entry points of such elements into plant ecosystems is the rhizosphere, defined as the soil under the biological, physical and chemical influence of roots. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, symbiotic microorganisms associated with the roots of many plant species, provide a direct link between soil and roots and affect metal transfer to plants. The present chapter includes recent laboratory work and some research aspects stiU to be adressed on the contribution of AM fungi to plant metal uptake. The necessity to develop new and adapted approaches, such as compartment devices and root-organ cultures, to separate AM to root contribution to metal uptake is emphasized. Available data may be difficult to compare because they were obtained under different experimental conditions. However, they suggest that the transfer of heavy metals from AM fungi to plants may be metal specific. Further research should focus on the mechanisms involved in reduced or improved uptake of metals by mycorrhizal plants, on AM tolerance to metals and radionuclides and on AM functional diversity in polluted soils. AM contribution to metal uptake should also be quantified to include data in models of plant uptake. 

Werbos, P. (1995), Neurocontrol and Supervised Learning An Overview and Evaluation, in Handbook of Intelligent Control Neural, Fuzzy, and Adaptive Approaches, Van Nostrand Reinhold,... 

Dones, I., Manenti, F., Preisig, HA., and Buzzi-Ferraris, G. (2010) Nonlinear model predictive control a self-adaptive approach. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 4782-4791. 

The adaptive approach is based on a combination of the stages of analysis, elaboration, development and implementation of systems in a unique stage, which is repeated interactively, in this process, it is needed that occurs a good interaction between the three principal components during the adaptive process of a DSS construction the system designer, the user and the system. 

The designation of the various modules of the DSS is compatible with the definition of the adaptive approach of a DSS development, anchored by the fact that the system can have various nucleus, not necessarily integrated since the beginning of DSS construction, complementary and with easy integration. So, it is necessary the definition of the DSS modules or nucleus, what can be done basing on the decision model stages, the similarities and differences of decision process stages. 

For the DSS concerned, the model being used is the relational database, mainly due to its characteristic flexibility what is essential approach for an adaptive approach for system s development. 

Using the adaptive approach we have to run the optimization in each simulation. In general this increases the computational complexity considerably. In many cases, however, the optimization can be done very fast. Thus, calculating the performance of the adaptive strategy is not as hard is it may seem. The disadvantage with this approach is of course that it only produces an upper bound on the optimal performance. 

Linear PPR-fimctions are obviously very easy to handle both in the optimization and in the performance calculations. In particular both the deterministic and the adaptive approach can be handled very efficiently. At the same time we notice that the solution obtained using the deterministic approach will always be an nth order priority strategy. Since this is a rather extreme strategy, one may suspect that this solution is very sensitive to changes in the parameters. Thus, in order to explore the concept of robustness, hnearPPR-function is of particular interest. 

The most important chain of the adaptive approach in selection is the elaboration of principles and methods of phytocenotic selection, that is, creation of competitive varieties capable to adapt in mixed crops in meadow diversity of mountain hayfields and pastures. 

The associations of distinct detection mechartisrrts to differerrt types of errors led Thomas to propose an organic approach according to which variability in performance and human error requires parallel defense strategies and an adaptive approach and not the traditional serial protective layers as illustrated by Reason s Swiss Cheese Model. 

An important facet of the study of polyadenylation in plants entails the use of transient expression to characterize poly(A) sites and the subunits of the polyadenylation complex. In this report, a simple and adaptable approach to transient expression in Nicotiamt benthamiamt leaves is described. This approach has been used to evaluate protein-protein interactions amongst different plant polyadenylation factor subunits and to study the usage and behavior of individual poly(A) sites from plant genes. 

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