Adaptive processing

The importance of the characters of the symmetry operations lies in the fact that they do not depend on the specific basis used to form them. That is, they are invariant to a unitary or orthorgonal transformation of the objects used to define the matrices. As a result, they contain information about the symmetry operation itself and about the space spanned by the set of objects. The significance of this observation for our symmetry adaptation process will become clear later. 

Pharmocodynamic tolerance develops in response to continued application of drugs, by mechanisms that include reversible cellular adaptation processes, such as receptor desensitization, internalization and downregu-lation as well as changes in the activity and levels of other components of the receptor s signal transduction pathways. 

The multiplicity of G proteins coupled to opiate receptors may explain how different opiates can bind to the same receptor yet induce different cellular responses. For example, morphine binds to the cloned rat fi receptor expressed in HEK 293, CHO and COS-7 cells and inhibits cAMP accumulation [80-82]. Morphine can be continuously applied to the cells for up to 16 h, and the potency and magnitude of morphine inhibition of adenylyl cyclase does not diminish [80, 81]. In contrast, the opiate sufentanil can bind to the same cloned fi receptor in HEK 293 cells to inhibit cAMP accumulation. However, sufentanil s actions rapidly desensitize [83]. Since both compounds bind to the same receptor, and the fi receptor is the only receptor these drugs can interact with in these cells, the ability of these two full agonists to differentially regulate the fi receptor must be due to their abilities to affect separate adaptive processes in these cells. 

Feedstock flexibility, focusing on adapting processes that are suitable for low-rank coals, high ash materials, biomass, and others... 

J. R. Guerci, Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Radar Artech House, Boston, 2003. 

Because of adaptation processes the exposure time until reaching a decision should be limited. Also the interval between two stimuli must be observed. 

Voluntary muscles contain a variety of fibre types which are specialized for particular tasks. Most muscles contain a mixture of fibre types although one type may predominate. All human skeletal muscles are composed of several different muscle fibre types. Up to seven different fibre types have been identified histochemically based on the pH stability of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase and on the myosin heavy chain profile. Innumerable fibre type transients exist due to continuing adaptation processes. However, three main... 

To complete the list of what we need to know to really understand a cell, there are the issues of adaptive processes—those mechanisms by which cells maintain viability in the face of changing environmental circumstances—and specialized functions that may be unique to a certain cell type such as nerve conduction in neurons. Finally, when we really understand a cell, we will be able to make a definitive mathematical model for it. 

How interference with these trans-mitter/modulator substances translates into an antidepressant effect is still hypothetical. The clinical effect emerges only after prolonged intake, i.e 2-3 wk, as evidenced by an elevation of mood and drive. However, the alteration in monoamine metabolism occurs as soon as therapy is started. Conceivably, adaptive processes (such as downregulation of cortical serotonin and p-adrenocep-tors) are ultimately responsible. In healthy subjects, the TCAs do not improve mood (no euphoria). 

The well established phenomenon of perfusion-contraction matching [15] is an adaptive myocardial response to chronically diminished perfusion. Therefore, analyzing this adaptive process requires simultaneous study of myocardial perfusion,... 

Fitness of adaptation to the environment means that biochemical correlates of physical or chemical characteristics of the environment must exist.1 Therefore, adaptive processes are always optimization processes be it that of metabolic sequences or of molecular properties.2-3 To recognize that a living system is adapted to a given environment is simply to recognize its finality4 or teleonomic characteristics.5 Optimization being a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics, it seems to me that what Jacob or Monod call finality or teleonomy is simply the finality of the second law. 

Monitor and adapt processes to produce consistent quality over time. 

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