Biological Evaluation of Proteins

Jood, S. and Kapoor, A.C. 1992b. Biological evaluation of protein quality of wheat as affected by insect infestation. Food Chem. 45, 169-174. 

Baskaran, V. M., Malleshi, N. G., Jayaprakashan, S. G., and Lokesh, B. R. (2001). Biological evaluation for protein quality of supplementary foods based on popped cereals and legumes suitable for feeding rural mothers and children in India. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 56, 37-49. 

Wipf, P., Cunningham, A., Rice, R.L. and Lazo, J.S. Combinatorial synthesis and biological evaluation of library of small-molecule ser/thr-protein phosphatase inhibitors. BioOrg. Med. Chem., 1997,5,165-177. 

Deck P, Pendzialek D, Biel M, Wagner M, Popkirova B, Ludolph B, Kragol G, Kuhlmann J, Giannis A, Waldmann H. Development and biological evaluation of acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APTl) inhibitors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005 117 5055-5060. 

Bialy, L., Waldmann, H. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor cytostatin and analogues. Chem. Eur. J. 2004,10, 2759-2780. 

Yokomatsu, T., Murano, T.. Umesue. 1., Soeda, S., Shrmeno, H., and Shibuya. S., Synthesis and biological evaluation of a.a-dilluorobenzylphosphonic acid derivatives as small molecular inhibitors of protein-tyrosine phosphatase IB, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9, 529. 1999. 

The nuclear receptor-cofactor interaction, more specifically the nuclear receptor-coactivator interaction, has emerged as a drugable protein-protein interaction. Even though many aspects of its drugability are still unsolved, both the results obtained on the biological evaluation of its direct inhibition and the development of the first small-molecule inhibitors show the potential of targeting this interaction. 

In the following, we will focus on biophysical characterization of material surfaces, especially on quantifying their interaction with proteins and cells, and on biological evaluation of biomaterials and medical devices by in vitro tests as a first step towards ensuring their biocompatibility. 

Dai H-L, Shen Q, Zheng J-B, Li J-Y, Wen R, Li J (2011) Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indolin-2-one derivatives as protein tyrosine phosphatase IB inhibitors. Lett Org Chem 8 526-530... 

Biocompatibility involves adherence to ISO 10993 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices or USP Class VI standards, hemocompatibility, platelet retention, and reduced protein binding. Moreover, food contact standards are typically applied to healthcare applications. The US Food and Drug Administration oversees adherence to the standards of the US Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act In Europe, the European Union Directive 2002/72/EC is applicable. 

Mayhoub A. S, Khaliq M, Kuhn R. J, Cushman M. Design, S3mthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Thiazoles Targeting Flavivirus Envelope Proteins, J. Med. Chem. 2011. p. 1704 -1714. DOT 10.1021/jml013538... 

Since biological value is dependent primarily upon essential amino acid constitution, it would seem logical to assess the nutritive value of a protein by determining its essential amino acid constitution and then comparing this with the known amino acid requirements of a particular class of animal. Application of modern chromatographic techniques coupled with automated procedures allows relatively quick and convenient resolution of mixtures of amino acids. However, the acid hydrolysis used to produce such mixtures from protein destroys practically all the tryptophan and a considerable proportion of the cystine and methionine. Tryptophan has to be released by a separate alkaline hydrolysis, and cystine and methionine have to be oxidised to cysteic acid and methionine sulphone to ensure their quantitative recovery. Losses of amino acids and the production of artefacts, which are greater with foods of high carbohydrate content, are reduced if the hydrolysis is carried out in vacuo. Evaluations of proteins in terms of each individual amino acid would be laborious and inconvenient, and several attempts have been made to state the results of amino acid analyses in a more useful and convenient form. 

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel indole series of secreted frizzled related protein-1 (SFRP-1) inhibitors... 

Guvencs, O., 8c MacKerrell, A. D., Jr. (2009). Computational evaluation of protein-small molecule binding. Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 19, 56. 

One of the problems associated with the safety evaluation of protein products of biotechnology is that usually the human form of the protein is being developed, which may not be pharmacologically or biologically active in the animal species commonly used for... 

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