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Acute Effects of Nicotine

Rose JE, Behm FM, Westman EC, Johnson M (2000) Dissociating nicotine and nonnicotine components of cigarette smoking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 67 71-81 Rose JE, Behm FM, Westman EC (2001) Acute effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on tobacco withdrawal symptoms, cigarette reward and ad lib smoking. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 68 187-197... [Pg.365]

Cognitive effects Animais Cognitive effects of nicotine have been observed in several species, including humans. Experimental studies have focused primarily on the effects on attention and memory. Cognitive benefits are seen after both acute and chronic administration (Levin et al. 1992). In experimental animals, nicotine improves learning and memory on a variety of tasks. Conversely, the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine... [Pg.198]

Stein E, Pankiewicz J, Harsch HH, Cho JK, Fuller SA, Hoffmann RG, Hawkins M, Rao S, Bandettini PA, Bloom AS (1998) Nicotine-induced limbic cortical activation in the human brain a functional MRI smdy. Am J Psychiatry 155 1009-1015 Sziraki I, Lipovac MN, Hashim A, Sershen H, Allen D, Cooper T, Czobor P, Lajtha A (2001) Differences in nicotine-induced dopamine release and nicotine pharmacokinetics between Lewis and Fischer 344 rats, Neurochem Res 26 609-617 Terborg C, Birkner T, Schack B, Witte OW (2002) Acute effects of cigarette smoking on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics a combined study with near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial Doppler sonography, J Neurol Sci 205 71-75 Thompson JC, WUby G, Stough C (2002) The effects of transdermal nicotine on inspection time. Hum Psychopharmacol 17 157-161... [Pg.170]

Inhaled nicotine is efficiently delivered to the brain (see chapter by Benowitz, this volume) where it selectively interacts with its central targets, the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The multiple subtypes of uAChR (see chapter by Collins et al, this volume) all bind nicotine but with different affinities, depending on the subunit composition of the uAChR. Binding may result in activation or desensitisation of uAChRs, reflecting the temporal characteristics of nicotine dehvery and local concentration of nicotine. Another level of complexity of the actions of nicotine reflects the widespread and non-uniform distribution of uAChR subtypes within the brain, such that nicotine can influence many centrally regulated functions in addition to the reward systems. In this chapter, we address the consequences of nicotine interactions with nAChRs at the molecular, cellular and anatomical levels. We critically evaluate experimental approaches, with respect to their relevance to human smoking, and contrast the acute and chronic effects of nicotine. [Pg.174]

Balfour DJK, Ridley DL (2000) The effects of nicotine on neural pathways implicated in depression a factor in nicotine addiction Pharmacol Biochem Behav 66 79-85 Balfour DJK, Birrell CE, Moran RJ, Benwell MEM (1996) Effects of acute D-CPPene on mesoac-cumbens dopamine responses to nicotine in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 316 153-156 Balfour DJK, Wright AE, Benwell MEM, BirreU CE (2000) The putative role of extra-synaptic mesolimbic dopamine in the neurobiology of nicotine dependence. Behav Brain Res 113 73-83... [Pg.229]

Kanyt et al. (1999) examined the effects of sex and ovarian hormones on the effects of nicotine on locomotion in a series of experiments using male and female hooded rats. Female rats displayed higher locomotion than males. Acute nicotine re-dnced locomotion, and this effect was slightly larger in females than males. Significantly more rednction in spontaneons locomotor activity in female than in male rats by nicotine has been reported in other stndies (Craft and Milholland 1998 Cheeta et al. 2001). On the other hand, an earlier smdy reports lower sensitivity of females to nicotine s motor depressant effects than males (Hatchell and Collins 1980). [Pg.267]

Perkins KA, Donny E, et al (1999) Sex differences in nicotine effects and self-administration review of human and animal evidence. Nicotine Tob Res 1(4) 301-315 Perkins KA, Epstein EH, et al (1991) Effects of dose, gender, and level of physical activity on acute metabolic response to nicotine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 40(2) 203-208 Perkins KA, Epstein EH, et al (1992) Effects of nicotine on hunger and eating in male and female smokers. Psychopharmacology 106(l) 53-59... [Pg.289]

Wiley JL, LaVecchia KL, Martin BR, Damaj MI (2002) Nicotine-like discriminative stimulus effects of bupropion in rats. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 10 129-135 Williams M, Robinson JL (1984) Binding of the nicotinic cholinergic antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, to rat brain tissue. J Neurosci 4 2906-2911 Witkin JM, Dykstra LA, Carter RB (1982) Acute tolerance to the discriminative stimulus properties of morphine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 17 223-228 Wooters TE, Bardo MT (2007) The monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine enhances the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine in rats. Behav Pharmacol 18 601-608 Wright JM Jr, Vann RE, Gamage TE, Damaj MI, WUey JL (2006) Comparative effects of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan on nicotine discrimination in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 85 507-513... [Pg.332]

Although acute mecamylamine increases nicotine self-administration and smoking, prolonged mecamylamine treatment has shown some interest for smoking cessation. Mecamylamine blocks the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine in humans Mecamylamine produces some withdrawal symptoms in smokers... [Pg.355]

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