Active detergent

Aqueous solutions of dyes ean also be employed instead of water. In the ease of hydrophilic dyes such as methylene blue or patent fast blue the transparent background of the TLC/HPTLC plate is stained blue. Pale spots occur where there are nonwetted zones. Dauble [89] detected anion-active detergents in this way on silica gel layers as pale zones on a blue background with palatine fast blue GGN... 

A. Trends affecting the development of mixed active detergents 126... 

A. Trends Affecting the Development of Mixed Active Detergents... 

Several important trends have influenced the development of mixed active detergent formulations in the United States over the last four decades. These include ... 

As detergent manufacturers responded to consumer trends the number of mixed active detergent products increased. The combination of LAS with other surfactants in mixed active systems can provide several advantages over a single active LAS system. These advantages can include the following ... 

For reasons of performance, feedstock economics, and processing versatility, LAS will continue in the future to be a major component of mixed active detergent products. 

Nowadays industrial sulfuric acid sulfonation of LAB for the production of active detergents is rarely applied. 

MICELLAR CATALYSIS. Chemical reactions can be accelerated by concentrating reactants on a micelle surface or by creating a favorable interfacial electrostatic environment that increases reactivity. This phenomenon is generally referred to as micellar catalysis. As pointed out by Bunton, the term micellar catalysis is used loosely because enhancement of reactivity may actually result from a change in the equilibrium constant for a reversible reaction. Because catalysis is strictly viewed as an enhancement of rate without change in a reaction s thermodynamic parameters, one must exercise special care to distinguish between kinetic and equilibrium effects. This is particularly warranted when there is evidence of differential interactions of substrate and product with the micelle. Micelles composed of optically active detergent molecules can also display stereochemical action on substrates. ... 

The residues found should not exceed the method s detection limit for the relevant active detergent. 

Direct sodium hydroxide neutralization of the sulfonation mixture resulting from the fuming acid sulfonation of dodecyl benzene gives a product which, upon drying, contains approximately 50% active detergent and 50% sodium sulfate. If a higher active content is desired, the unreacted sulfuric acid can be partially removed from the sulfonation mixture by the addition of about 10 volume % of water at the end of sulfonation. By this means the active content of the dried detergent can be increased to about 85%, but unless the heat of dilution is carefully controlled, the hydrolysis of undesirable by-products in the spent acid may lead to unpleasant odors in the dried product. 

The spray-dried beads are formed in a spray tower by blending a host of additives or builders with highly active detergent slurries and drying to homogeneous beads. 

Active detergent Tri polyphosphate Fluorescent dye Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium sulfate... 

Solutions of acid phosphatase are particularly sensitive to surface inactivation. Figure 3 (88) shows the inactivation rate of the enzyme in the presence and absence of surface-active detergents. The inactivation process is temperature sensitive and the protection by detergent is total. Most of the enzyme inactivation proceeds with first-order kinetics. A variety of agents—gelatin, bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, and Tween-80—protect the enzyme against inactivation. 

Approaches) to setting limits—The approach to setting limits will be determined by the nature of the residue(s) and may differ for different situations within the same company. For example, the approach will differ for the calculation of residues associated with the manufacture of APIs and their related intermediates and precursors. Of necessity, it will also differ for the approach to be used for limits for residues associated with the production of such dosage forms (e.g., actives, detergents, and bioburden). It is not necessary to elaborate on the approach to setting limits in the CVMP. In fact, it is usually a mistake to do so. It is sufficient to indicate in the CVMP that limits will be established and justified for all potential contaminants and that this information will be included in the scientific rationale section of the individual protocols. 

Applications of Enzymes as Bulk Actives Detergents, Textiles, Pulp and Paper, Animal Feed... 

Regenerant Waste Activity Detergent Waste Activity ... 

The regulation of bile acid metabolism is a major function of the liver. Alterations in bile acid metabolism are usually a reflection of liver dysfunction. Cholesterol homeostasis is in large part maintained by the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and subsequent regulation of bile add metabolism. Bile acids themselves provide surface-active detergent molecules that facilitate both hepatic excretion of cholesterol and solubilization of lipids for intestinal absorption. Bile acid homeostasis requires normal terminal ileum function to absorb bile adds for recirculation (enterohepatic circulation). Alterations in hepatic bile acid synthesis, intracellular metabolism, excretion, intestinal absorption, or plasma extraction are reflected in derangements in bile add metabolism. 

A.12.8 One hypothesis is that the white powder is a surface active detergent. The detergent wouid iower tire surface tension making it difficuit for the water striders to stay on top of the water. 

If a copper after-treated dyeing is too heavy it can be stripped partially by boiling in a liquor containing 1 to 3 g per litre of ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid, an anion-active detergent, and 1 g per litre of sodium carbonate. This treatment removes the copper, and when the shade has been brought down to the desired depth it must be recoppered. If a complete strip is necessary the copper is removed by treatment for 30 minutes at 90°C (194°r) with 1 to 3 per cent of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, followed by treatment at S0°C (176°F) with a solution containing 3 to 5 g per litre of sodium carbonate and 2 to 3 g per litre of sodium hydrosulphite. 

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