Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer preparation

Co-continuous polymer blends of 50/50 polyamide6/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (PA6/ABS) involving multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by melt mixing technique in order to develop conducting composites utilizing the concept of double-percolation. To control the dispersion and to selectively restrict MWNTs in the PA6 phase of the blends, MWNTs were pre-treated with two modifiers which differ in their molecular length scales and... 

FDA approved under 21CFR178.2010 for use in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers at levels not to exceed 0.6% by weight of the copolymer. Section 177.1010 for use in semi-rigid and rigid acrylics at levels not to exceed 0.1% by weight of the plastic, and Section 175.105 as a component of food packaging adhesives. Also, approved by the FDA as an antioxidant in the preparation of rubber articles at a level not to exceed 5% by 21CFR177.2600. 

High-impact polystyrene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer are often prepared in a combined bulk-suspension process. This begins with a solution of polybutadiene in styrene or styrene/acrylonitrile. Subsequently, the polymerization of styrene or styrene/acrylonitrile is initiated and continues under stirring until phase inversion occurs (i.e., polybutadiene is dispersed in a continuous PS matrix - Chapter 4). In the final stage, water and dispersant are added to the system and the polymerization is completed in suspension. 

They observed that protonated emeraldine using these dopants has a good solubility in cresol, which is a excellent solvent for many classical polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate). This methodology of using a dopant having a surfactant group led to the preparation of polyblends with following polymers. Nylon, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polysultone, poly(-vinylacetate) polypropylene, poly(vinylchloride), acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and poly methyl (methacrylate). 

Many commercially-important copolymers are prepared by free-radical copolymerization of ethylenic monomers, e.g. styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (AfiS), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (nitrile rubber). 

Fig. 10. Preparation and morphology of toughened PVC (a) secondary PVC grain (50—250 flm) (b) modified PVC with coherent primary grain (ca 1 -lm) (220). CPE = chlorinated polyethylene EVA = ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers ABS = acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene MBS = methyl...

Besides the MBS materials, related terpolymers have been prepared. These include materials prepared by terpolymerising methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of polybutadiene (Toyolac, Hamano 500) methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene in the presence of a butadiene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (XT Resin), and methylacrylate, styrene and acrylonitrile on to a butadiene-styrene copolymer. 

Methacrylonitrile (1) differs from 2 only in that it has a methyl (CH3) group on the a-carbon atom. It too is widely used in the preparation of homopolymers and copolymers, elastomers, and plastics and as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of acids, amides, amines, esters, and other nitriles. In a study conducted by the NTP in which 1 was administered orally to mice for 2 years, there was no evidence that it caused cancer, although other less serious toxic effects were noted [27]. Because 1 does not cause cancer, but undergoes many of the same nucleophilic addition reactions as 2 at the (3-carbon, it is sometimes used as a safer commercial replacement for 2, such as in the manufacture of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-like polymer that provides improved barrier properties to gases such as carbon dioxide in carbonated beverage containers. 

Incorporation of Ti02 into polystyrene(s), styrene-acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, and other associated copolymers and alloys is normally by way of concentrates prepared on equipment similar to that used for polyethylene. This concentration step is usually necessary to achieve high-quality dis-persion so color properties are fully developed and physical properties are not compromised. 

Thermoplastic compounds are typically prepared by mixing organic and/or inorganic compounds with a single base polymer, copolymers, or blends. The base polymer may consist of a chemically bonded blend such as the block copolymer acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) or a second base polymer may be used to enhance the overall end properties of the compound. 

This polymer can be prepared by the interfacial polycondensation of bisphenol A alkali salt dissolved in the water phase and phosgene (COQj) dissolved in methylene chloride. It can be used either as the pure polymer or in blends, particularly with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers. The bisphenol A structure appears in other combinations, e.g., in a polysulfone copolymer (see Table 15.10) and in aromatic polyesters with phthalic acid moieties... 

In preparing the compatible blend, the compatibilizer is reac-tively blended with PC and a blending partner in the presence of a transesterification catalyst. The blending partner can be a poly(ole-fin), styrene acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, poly (methyl methacrylate), or poly (styrene). Suitable transesterification catalysts include tetraphenyl phosphonium benzoate, tetraphenyl phosphonium acetate, and tetraphenyl phosphonium... 

Carboxylic elastomers have also been prepared by the addition of a carboxyl-bearing molecule such as thioglycollie acid, maleic anhydride, or acrylic acid to rubber in solvent, on the mill, or in latex. The preparation of a carboxylic polymer from a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer in an internal or Banbury mixer has been mentioned in the adhesives patent literature. The carboxylation of vulcanized natural rubber and of butadiene-styrene copolymers, including reclaimed stocks of these elastomers, by treatment with maleic an-... 

Styrene Copolymers. Acrylonitrile, butadiene, a-methylstyrene, acryUc acid, and maleic anhydride have been copolymerized with styrene to yield commercially significant copolymers. Acrylonitrile copolymer with styrene (SAN), the largest-volume styrenic copolymer, is used in appHcations requiring increased strength and chemical resistance over PS. Most of these polymers have been prepared at the cross-over or azeotropic composition, which is ca 24 wt % acrylonitrile (see Acrylonithile polya rs Copolyp rs). 

The copolymer obtained from acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene is termed as an ABS copolymer. It is a terpolymer. Two methods are used for preparing ABS copolymers such as blending and grafting. These two process produce the copolymers which are different in nature. 

The formation of coagulum is observed in all types of emulsion polymers (i) synthetic rubber latexes such as butadiene-styrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene, and butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine copolymers as well as polybutadiene, polychloroprene, and polyisoprene (ii) coatings latexes such as styrene-butadiene, acrylate ester, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene copolymers (iii) plastisol resins such as polyvinyl chloride (iv) specialty latexes such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and other fluorinated polymers (v) inverse latexes of polyacrylamide and other water-soluble polymers prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. There are no major latex classes produced by emulsion polymerization that are completely free of coagulum formation during or after polymerization. 

ABS polymers terminated with HD-AO moiety RS- were prepared by means of polymerization of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of tert-dodecylmercaptan [70]. Syner m with phenolic AO was observed. A radical copolymer active as a thermostabilizer for fluoroalkyl methacrylates [71], was prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate and pentaerythritol tetrakisfthioglycolate). 

Langer (13) has also disclosed the use of alkyllithium and dialkyl-magnesium tertiary diamine complexes as catalysts for copolymerization of ethylene and other monomers such as butadiene, styrene, and acrylonitrile to form block polymers. Examples are given in which polybuta-dienyllithium initiates a polyethylene block, as well as vice-versa. Random copolymers of these two were also prepared, and other investigators have used not only tertiary diamines but hexamethylphosphoramide (14) and tetramethylurea (15) as nitrogenous base cocatalysts in such polymerizations. Antkowiak and co-workers (11) showed the similarity of action of diglyme and TMEDA in copolymerizations of styrene and... 

Oligomeric surfactants have been prepared for use as stalnlizers in emulsion polymerization. Functionalized co-oligomars of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid have been used as surfactants in the emulsion polymoization of butadiene, styrene and itaconic acid [169], Diblock copolymers (oxazoline based) with narrow MMD appeax to be excellmt emulsifiers for the inverse emulsion polymerization of styraie [170], and amphiphilic oligomeric diblock macromonomers (PEO-PPO type) have been relied as steric stabilize in regular styrene emulsion polymraizarion [171]. 

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