Acrylic acid Ammonium nitrate

Composite proplnts, which are used almost entirely in rocket propulsion, normally contain a solid phase oxidizer combined with a polymeric fuel binder with a -CH2—CH2— structure. Practically speaking AP is the only oxidizer which has achieved high volume production, although ammonium nitrate (AN) has limited special uses such as in gas generators. Other oxidizers which have been studied more or less as curiosities include hydrazinium nitrate, nitronium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, lithium nitrate, potassium perchlorate and others. Among binders, the most used are polyurethanes, polybutadiene/acrylonitrile/acrylic acid terpolymers and hydroxy-terminated polybutadienes... 

On the other hand, chemicals might be chosen as agents for generation of active centers in the polymeric backbone and grafting of monomer in the vapor phase. Ammonium persulfate and styrene (189), acrylic acid (190), butyl acrylate (191), potassium persulfate and n-butyl maleate or 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (55,134) and ammonium ceric nitrate and methacrylic add (192) are examples of this method. Benzoyl peroxide deposited on polycaprolactam fibers initiates the grafting of styrene in vapor phase (193). 

Chiral 1,2-dihydropyridine complex 78 has been shown to undergo Lewis acid-initiated [5+2] cycloadditions with electron-deficient alkenes, such as methyl acrylate, to give, after demetalation using ceric ammonium nitrate, functionalized tropanes 80 (Scheme 22) <20000L3909, 1999JA5811>. Short reaction times and substoichiometric amounts of Lewis acid are sufficient to ensure regio- and enantioselectivity. It is thought that excess Lewis acid mediates a slow reversal... 

The biomaterial was dispersed in a definite amount of water. Ceric ammonium nitrate and nitric acid are then to be added slowly to the reaction mixture. Then, the monomer acrylic acid should be added drop wise to the reaction mixture. The reaction flask is to be placed in a water bath at 10-85°C for various time periods under stirring by a magnetic stirrer. After a definite time period, the reaction mixture is to be filtered and the homo-polymer should be removed with excess water. The grafted sample is to be dried to a constant weight and used for sorption studies. From the increase in weight of the biomaterial, the percentage of grafting should be calculated as follows ... 

Different types of chemical initiators such as FAS-KPS, benzoyl peroxide, azo-bis-iso-butylnitrile, H O, ascorbic acid-KPS, ammonium persulphate, ceric ammonium persulphate, ceric ammonium nitrate, etc., can be used for the graft copolymerization of various vinyl monomers such as methylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylamide, etc., onto polysaccharides [38-40]. Figure 2.1 shows the proposed mechanism through which the grafting can be explained [39]. 

Tallow Tallow alcohol Tosylamide/formaldehyde resin VA/crotonates copolymer Vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate copolymer Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer Vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer Vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate copolymer Vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer Zinc laurate paper/paperboard, dry food-contact Acrylamides copolymer Acrylates copolymer Alkenyl succinic anhydride Ammonium maleic anhydride/diisobutylene copolymer Ammonium nitrate... 

Initiated by ceric ammonium nitrate, PVA-graft-PAA membrane was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto PVA (Yoshikawa et al. 1999a). These membranes permeated benzene preferentially from benzene-CYH mixtures. Permselectivity toward benzene increased with the increase in the PAA content in the membrane, and the separation factor reached around 10. 

Acrylic acid-modified Ficus carica lignocellulosic fiber was used as adsorbent. And the removal of Cr(VI) was evaluated in the presence of various metal ions aqueous solutions [87]. The F. carica fibers were washed, dried at 50°C for 24 h, and soxhlet extracted with acetone for 12 h in order to remove waxes and lignin. Then it was dried at 50°C for 5h and then cut into pieces of 1.0-1.5mm-size. The F. carica fibers were immersed in 100 ml of double distilled water for 24 h in order to activate the reactive sites. A known amount of ceric ammonium nitrate, concentrated nitric acid, and acrylic acid was added to the flask containing the fiber. The mixture was heated to constant temperature for a definite time. The modified F carica fibers were washed with ethanol and dried at 50°C to a constant weight. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) onto adsorbent was found to be 28.90 mg g". ... 

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