Alkenyl succinic anhydride

The trend towards increased calcium carbonate usage and therefore neutral pH paper making has meant that there has been a steady decline in the use of rosin and alum and a concomitant increase in the use of sizes which are effective at higher pH. Commercially the most important in this group are the alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) and the alkyl ketene dimers (AKD). These are able to esterify fibre surfaces directly and are more effective at neutral to high pH. 

Figure 7.20 The synthesis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) via the ene reaction between maleic anhydride and catalytically isomerised alk-l-enes.

Apart from the alkenyl succinic anhydrides, other cyclic anhydrides are solids, requiring the use of a delivery solvent, or a solid-state reaction. Apart from succinic anhydride, phthalic (PA) (Figure 4.2a) (Risi and Arseneau, 1958) and maleic anhydride (MA) have also been extensively studied (Figure 4.2b) (Clemons etal., 1992). Goethals and Stevens (1994) have reported reaction of wood with glutaric (Figure 4.2c) or cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (Figure 4.2d) and subsequent reaction with epichlorohydrin. 

Uses of MA include unsaturated polyester resins (63%), lubricating oil additives (11%), copolymers (8%), alkenyl succinic anhydrides (5%), malic acid (3%), fiimaric acid (2%), and agricultural chemicals (2%). 

Oleochemical modification [e.g. Surfasam (Morard et al., 2007), WoodProtect (Magne et al., 2003)]. Wood is reacted with fatty compounds such as alkenyl succinic anhydrides or fatty-acetic anhydrides. The alkenyl or fatty base comes from vegetable oils (fatty acid or fatty acid esters) (Figure 5.9). 

Figure 5.9 Reaction of wood with alkenyl succinic anhydrides (as in Surfasam treatment)...

Esterification of succinic anhydride in dimethylformamide with 4-dimethylaminopyridine gives O-succinoylated inulin (Vermeersch and Schacht, 1985), which can be used as a drug carrier. Esterification of alkenyl succinic anhydrides having chain lengths of C8 to C20 in dimethylformamide, with or without a catalyst, produces potential deflocculating agents for use in detergents... 

Alkenyl Succinic Anhydrides. [Humphrey] Intermediates for pr. of amide and imide rust inhibitor lube oil additives detergent and dispersant additives in gasoline. 

ASA. [Ethyl] Alkenyl succinic anhydride intermediate for defoamers, demnbifiers, emubifiers, foam boosters, welting agents, ddergents, dispersants sizing agent for Mq>er. 

Dorox . [Cond Cbemie GmbH] Aluminum alcoholates, alkenyl succinic anhydride, or derivs. for mfg. of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, fuel and lubricant additives. 

Dodecenyl Succinic Anhydride. [Humphrey] Alkenyl succinic anhydrides intermediate for producing amide and imide rust inhibitors, sludge dispersant for lube oils and greases, industrial cleaners epoxy hardener, mercurial fungicide. 

Alternative types of size quickly filled the void, rosin was reformulated to enable sizing up to pH 6.5, whilst alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) provided non-rosin solutions. 

Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA)-based sizing agents... 

Since the beginning of papermaking in Western Europe, gelatin was used to reduce the sorption of water (paper sizing) by papers to improve the buffer effect and feathering of the inks [1], Nowadays, papers are sized with synthetic sizes such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKDs) and alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASAs), which were developed for the paper industry in 1953 and 1974, respectively [2], but gelatin sizing continues to be used for artist quality papers. 

Among the various methods, grafting of long-chain polymers and small molecules are the most common. Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), phenyl isocyanate, and isopropenyl-a,a -dimethylbenzyl isocyanate were used to modify the surface of CHNCs. The surface modification of CHNCs with these compounds increased the filler-matrix interactions in nanocomposites. ... 

Alkenyl (Cio-Cu) succinic anhydride. See Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride Alkenyl succinic anhydride CAS 70983-55-0... 

Definition (2-Alkenyl) succinic anhydrides in which the alkenyl groups are derived from olefins which contain not less than 78% C30 and higher groups Properties Lt. amber liq. dens. 0.952 g/ml vapor pressure < 1 mm Hg (20 C) b.p. 250 C (5 mm Hg) flash pt. (PM) 204 C... 

Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride C1618 (ASA)] (2-Alkenyl) succinic anhydride Aikenyi Succinic Anhydrides. See Alkenyl succinic anhydride Alkoxylated TMTPA. See Trimethylolpropane ethoxytriacrylate Aikuioy RM. See Polyamide Alkyd. See Alkyd resin Alkyd resin... 

AS-9600. See Sodium hydroxide ASA 100. See Alkenyl succinic anhydride ASA ASA. See Alkenyl succinic anhydride Asafetida. See Asafetida (Ferula asafoetida) gum... 

C14-16-alkanehydroxysulfonic acids and C14-16-alkene derivs., sodium salts. See Sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate C14-16 alkanes. See C14-16 paraffins C10-18-alkane sulfonate, sodium salt. See Sodium C10-18 alkyl sulfonate Cl 8-alkenyl succinic anhydride. See Octadecenyl succinic anhydride C6 alkyl acetate. See,Oxo-hexyl acetate C7 alkyl acetate. See,Oxo-heptyl acetate C8 alkyl acetate CAS 108419-32-5... 

Nonenyl Succinic Anhydride. See Nonenyl succinic anhydride a-Nonenyl aldehyde. See 2-Nonenal Nonenyl succinic anhydride CAS 28928-97-4 EINECS/ELINCS 249-317-8 Synonyms 2-Nonen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride Nonyl succinic anhydride Classification Alkenyl succinic anhydride Empirical C13H20O3... 

Synonyms Cl 8-alkenyl succinic anhydride Dihydro-3-(octadecenyl)-2,5-furandione 2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(octadecenyl)- 2-(1-Octadecenyl) succinic anhydride n-Octadecenyl succinic anhydride ODSA n-ODSA Empirical C22H38O3... 

Pentasize 68, Pentasize 68E, Pentasize 68F. See Alkenyl succinic anhydride Pentasodium aminotrimethylene phosphonate CAS 2235-43-0 EINECS/ELINCS 218-791-8 Synonyms Aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid) pentasodium salt NasATMP ... 

Acetyl triethyl citrate Acrylamides copolymer Acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer Acrylates/acrylamide copolymer Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer Acrylates copolymer Acrylonitrile copolymer Alcohol Alkenyl succinic anhydride Aluminum... 

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