Acidity hybridization

O. G. PNA-related oligonucleotide mimics and their evaluation for nucleic acid hybridization studies and analysis. Nucleosides, Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001 20 419-428. 

Most of the aforementioned efforts are based on the nonsense suppression methodology as the method for peptide altering [100]. In this approach, a nonsense codon is introduced into the enzyme-coding mRNA in the site that has to be altered. Simultaneously, the tRNA-noncoded amino acid hybrids are prepared with nonsense anticodons. Finally, the translation of modified mRNA is performed in vivo [101] or in vitro [102]. 

Nucleic acid hybridization can be detected by means of the piezoelectric QCM (= quartz crystal microbalance) (a) Y Okahata, Y Matsunobu, K Ijiro, M Mukae, A Murakami, K Makino. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114 8299-8300, 1992 (b) S Yamaguchi, T Shimomura. Anal. Chem. 65 1925-1927,1993 (c) KIto, KHashimoto, Y Ishimori. Anal. Chim. Acta 327 29-35,1996 ... 

The difficulty with protein arrays is that proteins do not behave as uniformly as nucleic acid. Protein function is dependent on a precise, and fragile, three-dimensional structure that may be difficult to maintain in an array format. In addition, the strength and stability of interactions between proteins are not nearly as standardized as nucleic acid hybridization. Each protein-protein interaction is unique and could assume a wide range of affinities. Currently, protein expression mapping is performed almost exclusively by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The development of protein arrays, however, could provide another powerful... 

Nucleic acid hybridization Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)... 

Two principal types of nucleic acid-based methods, nucleic acid hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are commonly used for the rapid identification of bacteria. A few other nucleic acid-based methods will also be mentioned. 

Nucleic acid hybridization methods use oligonucleotide DNA probes with sequences complementary to a portion of the nucleic acid of the target bacterium38,60 and designed to hybridize with immobilized DNA or RNA on a membrane. After any unbound probe has been washed off, the hybridized probe can be detected.64 66... 

Masuko M, Ohtani H, Ebatal K, Shimadzu A (1998) Optimization of excimer-forming two-probe nucleic acid hybridization method with pyrene as a fluorophore. Nucleic Acids Res 26 5409-5416... 

Montone KT, Brigati DJ, Budgeon LR. Anatomic viral detection is automated the application of a robotic molecular pathology system for the detection of DNA viruses in anatomic pathology substrates, using immunocytochemical and nucleic acid hybridization techniques. Yale J. Biol. Med. 1989 62 141-158. 

SCHEME 56. Synthesis of dendronized chitosan-sialic acid hybrids.407-409... 

H. Sashiwa, Y. Shigemasa, and R. Roy, Chemical modification of chitosan. 10.1. Synthesis of dendronized chitosan-sialic acid acid hybrid using convergent grafting of preassembled dendrons built on gallic acid and tri(ethylene glycol) backbone, Macromolecules, 34 (2001) 3905-3909. 

Similar techniques can be used to devise (strept)avidin-biotin assay systems for detection of nucleic acid hybridization. DNA probes labeled with biotin can be detected after they bind... 

Diamandis, E.P. (1993) Time-resolved fluorometry in nucleic acid hybridization and Western blotting techniques (Review). Electrophoresis 14, 866-875. 

Ghosh, S.S., Kao, P.M., and Kwoh, D.Y. (1989) Synthesis of 5 -oligonucleotide hydrazide derivatives and their use in preparation of enzyme-nucleic acid hybridization probes. Anal. Biochem. 178, 43-51. 

Scheme 7 Chitosan-sialic acid hybrid as branched polysaccharide...

Nucleic acid structures and sequences primary and secondary structure of DNA fragments, translocation of genes between two chromosomes, detection of nucleic acid hybridization, formation of hairpin structures (see Box 9.4), interaction with drugs, DNA triple helix, DNA-protein interaction, automated DNA sequencing, etc. 

D2. Dattagupta, N., Rae, P. M. M., Huguenel, E. D., Carlson, E., Lyga, A. el al.. Rapid identification of microorganisms by nucleic acid hybridization after labeling the test sample. Anal. Biochem. 177, 85-89 (1989). 

LI. Landry, M. L., Nucleic acid hybridization in viral diagnosis. Clin. Biochem. 23, 267-277 (1990). 

W2. Wetmur, J. G., DNA probes Applications of the principles of nucleic acid hybridization. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 26, 227-259 (1991). 

Wetmur JG. 1991. DNA probes applications ofthe principles of nucleic acid hybridization. Grit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 26 227. 

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