Viral detection

Montone KT, Brigati DJ, Budgeon LR. Anatomic viral detection is automated the application of a robotic molecular pathology system for the detection of DNA viruses in anatomic pathology substrates, using immunocytochemical and nucleic acid hybridization techniques. Yale J. Biol. Med. 1989 62 141-158. 

Zhu, H. Y. White, I. M. Suter, J. D. Zourob, M. Fan, X. D., Opto fluidic micro ring resonator for sensitive label free viral detection, Analyst 2008, 133, 356 360... 

In addition to simple ions, CPs can be used to detect larger, potentially bio-active materials. An early example of such a system employed the polymer polydiacetylene (PDA) (Fig. 6) for viral detection [14],... 

Fig. 7 PDA-OTS viral detection systems incorporating OTS monolayer with polydiacetylene linked backbone, lipid side chains, and surface ligand for receptor binding [14]...

Graham, A K, Herrington, C S, and McGee JO D (1991) Sensitivity and specificity of monoclonal antibodies to human papillomavirus Type 16 Capsid protein-comparison with simultaneous viral detection by nonisotopic in situ hybridization J Clin Pathol 44,96-101... 

Viral detection assays based on infectivity suffer from significant variability, which necessitates the use of statistical evaluation. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays are currently being developed and validated for viral clearance. With PCR assays, there is a potential to distinguish between inactivation and physical removal, perform mass balance studies, evaluate more than one vims at a time for a given process step, reduce the time for completing clearance studies, and accurately quantitate the amount of vims bound to such surfaces as chromatography resins. Table 5 compares the assay precision between an infectivity assay and a quantitative PCR assay. 

Considered to be Gold standard for viral detection Expensive... 

Fig. 8 MS2 viral detection with microsphere at bulk concentrations of 5 pM (top curve) and 2.5 pM (bottom curve). Reprinted with permission from ref. [69]...

W9. Williams, S. D., and Kwok, S., Polymerase chain reaction Applications for viral detection. In Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections (E. H. Lennette, ed.), pp. 147-173. Dekker, New York, 1991. 

Brody RI, Eng S, Melamed J, et al. Immunohistochemical detection of hepatitis C antigen by monoclonal antibody TORDJl-22 compared with PCR viral detection. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998 110 32-37. 

Table 2. Review of experimental Ross River virus studies in animal models Viral detection, pathology and identification of cellular infiltrates associated with infection and disease ... 

The analysis of DNA by CE represents one of the best examples for application of this technique in clinical analysis where the low cost, the full automation, and the speed of analysis compared to the slab gels accelerated the implementation of this technique in sequencing the human genome. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the Genome project, viral detection, blood transfusion safety, and forensic identification are all pushing the widespread use of DNA analysis especially by CE further than most investigators have expected. 

Inoue, K., Aral, T., Aoyagi, M., 1999. Sensitivity of real time viral detection by an optical biosensor system using a crude home-made antisemm against measles vims as a hgand. Biol. Pharm. BuU. 22, 210—213. 

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