Starch acid-hydrolyzed

Seib and Woo259describe a process for making a highly-crosslinked distarch phosphate for use as an RS4 starch. Thompson and Brumovsky260 claim another approach to making RS4. Their method involves annealing the linear portions of acid-hydrolyzed starches to produced TDF values as high as 60%. 

In comparative studies of starch fractions, Wilson, Schoch and Hudson, and also Kerr, - showed that the amylose fraction of starch gave much higher yields of Schardinger dextrins (up to about 70 %) than did the amylopectin fraction. Starch modification or degradation products in general gave reduced yields especially with beta amylase limit dextrins or acid hydrolyzed starch sirups there was no detectable production of crystalline dextrins. 

Yagi and Yoshida [596] have formulated the sorption characteristics of turbine stirrers in low viscosity Newtonian liquids (aqueous solution of glycerine and acid-hydrolyzed starches) in a dimensionless form as a process characteristic ... 

Acid modified, corn starch Acid-treated starch Corn flour, hydrochloric acid modified Starch, acid hydrolyzed Starch, acid-modified Starch, acid-treated Starch, thin-boiling Wheat starch, acid modified. 

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

Com symps [8029-43 ] (glucose symp, starch symp) are concentrated solutions of partially hydrolyzed starch containing dextrose, maltose, and higher molecular weight saccharides. In the United States, com symps are produced from com starch by acid and enzyme processes. Other starch sources such as wheat, rice, potato, and tapioca are used elsewhere depending on avadabiHty. Symps are generally sold in the form of viscous Hquid products and vary in physical properties, eg, viscosity, humectancy, hygroscopicity, sweetness, and fermentabiHty. 

Many products made by fermentation are also based on the conversion of starch. Some examples of the use of enzymatically hydrolyzed starches are the production of alcohol, ascorbic acid, enzymes, lysine, and penicillin. 

In more detail the nutrient medium used may contain sources of carbon such as starch, hydrolyzed starch, sugars such as lactose, maltose, dextrose, sucrose, or sugar sources such as molasses alcohols, such as glycerol and mannitol organic acids, such as citric acid and acetic acid and various natural products which may contain other nutrient materials in addition to carbonaceous substances. 

By means of gel electrophoresis on cross-linked, hydrolyzed starch,99 with simultaneous checking for proteins, lipids, and pectinesterase activity, it was found, however, that the product isolated after the separation on CM-Sephadex C-50 constitutes but one of five multiple forms of tomato pectinesterase, and is the one present in preponderant proportion98 (see Fig. 4). The accompanying lipid and sugar components were separated from this pectinesterase form in the course of the purification procedure. After analysis of the hydro-lyzate of the final product for fatty acids, as well as for carbohydrate components, it was possible to exclude the possibility of a lipoprotein,30 as well as glycoprotein,100 character of this form of tomato pectinesterase. 

During the 1980s, advances in fermentation technology allowed the economic production of a number of amino acids from starch hydrolyzates. Examples are lysine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine and cysteine. Starch-derived amino acids are generally used as animal nutrition supplements, enabling animal nutritionists to formulate... 

Acid-hydrolyzed (thinned) starches are produced through depolymerization by hydrochloric or other acids.18,19 Their low viscosity stability restricts their utilization in paper mills. They are used primarily for surface sizing at the size press or at the calender stack. 

The corn syrup industry is a good example of how enzymes took over and improved an industry after it was established as a profitable and important industry. In the beginning, acid was used as the catalyst to hydrolyze starch into syrups in order to impart new and desirable attributes to food products. The process involved treating a 40%-45% solution of refined starch with hydrochloric acid at pH 1.5 and a temperature of 150°C for a few minutes. The acid was not selective and hydrolyzed the protein and fat present in the starch preparation as well as the starch. This led to extensive undesired browning due to Maillard reactions. The syrup was neutralized, filtered, carbon-treated, and ion-exchange treated to become a food product or an ingredient to be used by other food processors in preparing products. 

It has been known for many years that even after exhaustive washes, starch still contains small amounts of noncarbohydrate elements. Lipids account for most of the phosphorus and about one-third of the nitrogen present in wheat starch (Table I). However, amino acids have been recovered from hydrolyzed starch, indicating that the balance of nitrogen is present as proteins. In the case of well-isolated, nondamaged wheat starch, proteins represent 0.15 to 0.2% of its weight. This is a very small proportion of the Hour protein, which comprises all the proteins contained in the... 

Fig. 4.—Composition of Corn-starch Hydrolyzates Prepared by Acid Catalysis (Curve a and b), and Idealizations of Compositions Attained by Action of Fungal Amylase on 50 d.e. Acid Hydrolyzate (Curve c and d), by Action of beta-Amylase on 20 d.e. Acid Hydrolyzate (Curve e and f), by Limited Action of beta-Amylase on a low d.e., aif)/ia-Amylase-liquefied Substrate (Curve g and h), and by Further Action of Fungal Amylase or Mixtures of beta-Amylase and Glucoamylase (Curve h and i). [A = 100% maltose, B = 100% D-glucose, C = 100% saccharides other than maltose or D-glucose, or both.]...

STADEX Dextrins are partially hydrolyzed starches that are prepared by heating or dry roasting starch in the presence of an acid catalyst. The conversion process - the change from starch to dextrin - changes the properties of the parent starch in several ways. Notably, the dextrin exhibits a thinner cooked-paste viscosity, an increased cold water solubility, and a color change from white to off-white or yellow. 

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