Ammonia reaction with acetic acid

Dissolve 5 g. of finely-powdered diazoaminobenzene (Section IV,81) in 12-15 g. of aniline in a small flask and add 2-5 g. of finely-powdered aniline hydrochloride (1). Warm the mixture, with frequent shaking, on a water bath at 40-45° for 1 hour. Allow the reaction mixture to stand for 30 minutes. Then add 15 ml. of glacial acetic acid diluted with an equal volume of water stir or shake the mixture in order to remove the excess of anihne in the form of its soluble acetate. Allow the mixture to stand, with frequent shaking, for 15 minutes filter the amino-azobenzene at the pump, wash with a little water, and dry upon filter paper Recrystallise the crude p-amino-azobenzene (3-5 g. m.p. 120°) from 15-20 ml. of carbon tetrachloride to obtain the pure compound, m.p. 125°. Alternatively, the compound may be recrystaUised from dilute alcohol, to which a few drops of concentrated ammonia solution have been added. 

Reaction with ammonia and amines (Section 20 14) Acid an hydrides react with ammonia and amines to form amides Two molar equivalents of amine are required In the example shown only one acyl group of acetic anhydride becomes incor porated into the amide the other becomes the acyl group of the amine salt of acetic acid... 

Co-adsorption experiments show a complex role of the nature and concentration of chemisorbed ammonia species. Ammonia is not only one of the reactants for the synthesis of acrylonitrile, but also reaction with Br()>nsted sites inhibits their reactivity. In particular, IR experiments show that two pathways of reaction are possible from chemisorbed propylene (i) to acetone via isopropoxylate intermediate or (ii) to acrolein via allyl alcoholate intermediate. The first reaction occurs preferentially at lower temperatures and in the presence of hydroxyl groups. When their reactivity is blocked by the faster reaction with ammonia, the second pathway of reaction becomes preferential. The first pathway of reaction is responsible for a degradative pathway, because acetone further transform to an acetate species with carbon chain breakage. Ammonia as NH4 reacts faster with acrylate species (formed by transformation of the acrolein intermediate) to give an acrylamide intermediate. At higher temperatures the amide may be transformed to acrylonitrile, but when Brreform ammonia and free, weakly bonded, acrylic acid. The latter easily decarboxylate forming carbon oxides. 

Instead of aqueous solutions, hot glacial acetic acid and anhydrous ammonia may be used. Ammonium acetate also is prepared by reaction of acetic acid with ammonium carbonate ... 

A reaction temperature around 650°C has been found to be necessary for ammonia and acetic acid oxidation with higher than 99% efficiency and residence time of 50 seconds [7,10]. No significant effect was found on pressure variation, and therefore a reaction pressure slightly higher than the critical pressure is usually selected to ensure that the process takes place in only one phase [11]. 

The application of acetic acid catalysis in reaction of 2-benzopyrylium salts with primary amines4, in contrast to the reaction with ammonia, does not lead to a simple result. Thus, if in 30 R3 is not Aik, excluding the alternative formation of a-naphthylamines of type 153, the use of acetic acid catalysis leads to isoquinolinium salts 152 in high yields (89KPS75), whereas without acetic acid, diketones 166 were the only products of interaction between 2-benzopyrylium salts 30 and primary amines. 

Explosive or potentiaOy explosive reaction with ammonia, cesium fluoride + fluorocarboxylic acids, cesium heptafluoropropoxide, 1- or 2-fluoriminoperfluoropropane, graphite, halocarbons (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, perfluorocyclobutane, iodoform, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane), liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., anthracene, turpentine), hydrogen, hydrogen -I- oxygen, hydrogen fluoride + seleninyl fluoride + heat, nitric acid, silver cyanide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, sodium acetate, sodium bromate, stainless steel, water. 

AMINOBENZENESULFONIC ACID or p-AMINOBENZENESULFONIC ACID (121-57-3) CsH NOjS HjO Decomposes on contact with strong acids, forming sulfur trioxide. The aqueous solution is acidic reaction with strong bases. Incompatible with alkylene oxides, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, amides, ammonia, epichlorohydrin, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, oxidizers, vinyl acetate. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), Halon , water spray, or CO2 extinguishers. 

C4H604Pb Pb(CH3COO)2 Violent reaction with bromates, carbonates, phenols, phosphates potassium bromate (possible explosion). Contact with strong acids forms acetic acid. Reacts with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with alkalis, alkylene oxides, ammonia, amines, carbonates, citrates, cresols, chloral hydrate, chlorides, epichloro-hydrin, hydrozoic acid, isocyanates, methyl isocyanoacetate, phenol, phosphates, potassium bromate, resorcinol, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, sodium peroxyborate soluble sulfates sulfites, tannin, tartrates, some tinctures triiutrobenzoic acid, urea nitrate. In the heat of fire lead oxides and acetic acid fumes are formed. 

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