Abbreviations scientific terms

This glossary provides brief explanations for nearly 200 important terms in the science and engineering of petroleum emulsions. The field of petroleum emulsions encompasses aspects of so many different disciplines that there exists a voluminous body of terminology. A selection of frequently encountered terms has been made including scientific terms related to the basic principles and properties of emulsions, and petroleum production and processing terms used to describe practical emulsions and their treatment. In addition, cross-references for the more important synonyms and abbreviations are included. 

This glossary provides brief explanations for important terms in the study of suspensions that occur in the petroleum industry, whether such studies involve fundamental principles, experimental investigations, or industrial applications. Even when restricted to petroleum industry applicationsy the suspension field encompasses aspects of many disciplines and comprises a large body of terminology. This selection of frequently used terms includes scientific terms relating to the principles underlying suspension stability and properties. Cross-references for the more important synonyms and abbreviations are also included. 

This table lists some abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols encountered in the physical sciences. Most entries in italic type are symbols for physical quantities for more details on these, see the table Symbols and Terminology for Physical and Chemical Quantities in this section. Additional information on units may be found in the table International System of Units (SI) in Section 1. Many of the terms to which these abbreviations refer are included in the tables Definitions of Scientific Terms in Section 2 and Techniques for Materials Characterization in Section 12. Useful references for further information are given below. 

Wave you ever been asked for your height in centimeters, your weight in kilograms, or the speed limit in kilometers per hour These measurements may seem a bit odd to those folks who are used to feet, pounds, and miles per hour, but the truth is that scientists sneer at feet, pounds, and miles. Because scientists around the globe constantly communicate numbers to each other, they prefer a highly systematic, standardized system. The International System of Units, abbreviated SI from the French term Systeme International, is the unit system of choice in the scientific community. 

To rescue the concepts of state of consciousness and altered state of consciousness for more precise scientific use, I introduce the terms and abbreviation discrete state of consciousness (d-SoC) and discrete state of consciousness (d-ASC). I discuss in Chapter 2 the basic theoretical concepts for defining these crucial terms. Here, I first describe certain kinds of experiential data that led to the concepts of discrete states and then go on to a formal definition of d-SoC and d-ASC. 

Several terms used in vernacular science are not appropriate for scientific communication. The CIPM does not use such terms as parts per million, parts per billion, or parts per trillion or their abbreviations as expressions of quantities. The word weight is a force with the SI unit of newton, not a synonym for mass with the SI unit of kilogram. Terms for an object and quantities describing the object require a clear different action. Normality, molarity, and molal are obsolete terms no longer used. 

Periods may be omitted after abbreviations for common scientific and engineering terms, except when the abbreviation forms another word (e.g., in. for inch)... 

A number of units, terms, and symbols are not included in this list as they are denned in the place in the text where they are used. Very common abbreviations (gram, centimetre, etc.) have been omitted. The titles of journals are abbreviated according to the general style of World List of Scientific Periodicals (London, Butterworths, 1963-80). 

The complex composition of toxaphene also creates nomenclature problems. Initially, toxaphene was the trademark of the product manufactured by the Hercules Inc. However, due to the non-restricted use of the trademark, toxaphene has become a general term for this pesticide. Further frequently applied terms were camphechlor , polychlorinated bornanes , camphenes , and ter-penes , as well as chlorobornanes . The expression toxaphene is not the same as the trademark Toxaphene , since residues in the environment may also originate from other technical products (see Table 2). Toxaphene is the reaction product of the chlorination of technical camphene is a suitable definition of the expression used in the scientific language [27]. Owing to the problems with abbreviations as described below, toxaphene will be used in the following chapters as a synonym for the compounds of technical toxaphene. 

Since the chemical name trinitrotoluene is rather mysterious to the non-scientific mind, and since it is also much too lengthy for general use in this age of efficiency, concentration and hustle, there have been coined many abbreviations and substitutions of the word. In general these terms are local only, but, by... 

McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Materials Science. 1st ed. New York McGraw-Hill, 2003. Derived from the world-renowned McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, Sixth Edition. Includes 11,000 entries synonyms, acronyms, and abbreviations measurement conversion tables. 

An Abbreviated Chronology of tbe Use of tbe Term "Hoffmann Analyte" or Its Equivalent in Tobacco Smoke-Related Scientific Literature... 

---