Abbreviations of chemicals

Chemisorption and Physisorption. One classification of adsorption phenomena is based on the adsorption energy the energy of the adsorbate-surface interaction. In this classification there are two basic types of adsorption chemisorption (an abbreviation of chemical adsorption) and physisorption (an abbreviation of physical adsorption). In chemisorption the chemical attractive forces of adsorption are acting between surface and adsorbate (usually covalent bonds). Thus, there is a chemical combination between the substrate and the adsorbate where electrons are shared and/or transferred. New electronic configurations are formed by this sharing of electrons. In physisorption the physical forces of adsorption, van der Waals or pure electrostatic forces, operate between the surface and the adsorbate there is no electron transfer and no electron sharing. 

C. P. Abbreviation of chemically pure. Free from impurities. 

Identification of Less Common Forms of Abbreviations of Chemical Journal Titles... 

ChemTrec. Abbreviation of Chemical Transportation Emergency Center was founded in 1971 by the American Chemistry Council, formerly known as the Chemical Manufacturers Association, as a public service to provide 24-hour information to emergency responders at the site of emergencies involving hazardous materials. The offices are at 1300 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209 Website http //www.chemtrec.org/... 

Fig. I. Typical DRR of chemical leavening acids. The SAPP superscripts designate various speed grades SAPP = fastest SAPP = fast SAPP = medium fast SAPP D = slow SAPP = slowest at 27°C. See Table I for definitions of abbreviations.

Titles of periodicals are defined as in the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI), except that full stops have been omitted after each abbreviated word. Abbreviations of words in the texts of Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are those in common use and are self evident, e.g. distn, filtd, cone and vac are used for distillation, filtered, concentrated and vacuum. 

Abbreviations of titles of periodicals are defined as in the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI). Other abbreviations are self evident (see Chapter 1, p. 30). 

Table 1 is a compilation of chemical and physical properties data for selected atmospheric contaminants. This information is useful for evaluating pollution problems. The following are abbreviations used in the table. 

These joumels listed in alphabetical order of Chemical Abstracts abbreviations, which are indicated in boldface. Also given are the year of founding, number of issues per year as of 1998, and whether the journal primarily publishes papers (P), communications (C), or both. 

The most stable shape for any molecule maximizes electron-nuclear attractive interactions while minimizing nuclear-nuclear and electron-electron repulsions. The distribution of electron density in each chemical bond is the result of attractions between the electrons and the nuclei. The distribution of chemical bonds relative to one another, on the other hand, is dictated by electrical repulsion between electrons in different bonds. The spatial arrangement of bonds must minimize electron-electron repulsion. This is accomplished by keeping chemical bonds as far apart as possible. The principle of minimizing electron-electron repulsion is called valence shell electron pair repulsion, usually abbreviated VSEPR. 

The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, shortly described as Convention on general and comprehensive prohibition of chemical weapons, or Chemical Weapons Convention, abbreviated as CWC, was adopted in 1992 after complex negotiations on the basis of The Conference on Disarmament (and previous multilateral negotiating fora in Geneva), lasting nearly a quarter of a century mainly due to the worldwide spread of chemical industry and relatively easy... 

The names are a heterogeneous collection—inventors, companies, institutions, places, acronyms, abbreviations, and obvious corruptions of the chemical nomenclature. Derivations, where known, are indicated in square brackets [ ]. The names of chemicals used in the entries are the traditional names commonly used in industry today. 

The effect of European REACH legislation, which will cover all chemicals used in the European countries, on the paint industry is discussed and proposals made for a possible solution. REACH is the abbreviation for Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals. A case study involving vehicle refinish paints is described. Recommendations made by the industry for an improved REACH are considered. 

Our goal in this chapter is to help you learn about the composition of the atom, the periodic table, and the writing and naming of chemical formulas. Check with your instructor to see how many element names and symbols you need to know, although you will learn many of them through practice. We will only give you an abbreviated list of ions and molecules, so consult your text for a more extensive list. Have a periodic table handy for the discussion throughout the chapter. Practice, Practice, Practice. 

The abbreviations of the titles of journals are those employed in British Chemical Abstracts. The abbreviated title is followed by the year, volume number (in heavy type), and page. 

Abbreviations are your friends. You can save time by using commonly accepted abbreviations for chemical variables and graphical curves. With practice, you will get more adept at their use. There are a number of abbreviations present in the additional information supplied with the test. If you use any other abbreviations, make sure you define them. 

Some risk assessors describe the process of setting up for risk assessment as developing a scenario. A scenario is a description of the population that is of interest and the way such a population is or could become exposed to a chemical or group of chemicals. Some typical scenarios for risk assessment are set out in Table 8.1, in abbreviated form. 

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