A-Tocopheryl succinate

Calibration Chromatograph successive 2- to 5-p.L portions of the upper layer of the Standard Preparation until the relative response factor, F, is constant (i.e., within a range of approximately 2%) for three consecutive injections. If using graphic integration, adjust the instrument to obtain 70% maximum recorder response for the hexadecyl hexadecanoate peak. Measure the areas under the major peaks occurring at relative retention times of approximately 1.00 (hexadecyl hexadecanoate) and 1.99 (methyl a-tocopheryl succinate), and record the values as Aj and As, respectively. Calculate F by the formula... 

RRR)-a-tocopherol, (RRR)-a-tocopheryl acetate, all-t -a-tocopherol, all-ra -a-tocopherji acetate, all-n7 -a-tocopheryl succinate... 

EINECS/ELINCS 224-403-8 Synonyms a-Tocopherol acid succinate Tocopheryl acid succinate a-Tocopheryl acid succinate D-a Tocopheryl succinate DL-a Tocopheryl succinate... 

D-a Tocopheryl succinate DL-a Tocopheryl succinate. See,Tocopheryl succinate TOCP. See,Tri-o-cresyl phosphate TOF TOP . See Trioctyl phosphate TOFA. See Tall oil acid Tofupro Q. See Hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed soy protein Tofupro-U. See Hydrolyzed soy protein Toho BH-65. See Behenyl alcohol Toho CT. See TEA cocoate Toho LT. See TEA-laurate Tohol N-120. See Cocamide MEA ToholN-22a, Tohol N-220X] Tohol N-220XM. 

For ethyl methanesulphonate- and Fe -treated rat hepatocytes, the in vivo pretreatment with u-a-tocopherol offered no protection against cell death and lipid peroxidation over a 6 h incubation period (Fariss et al. 2001). In contrast, hepatocytes isolated from rats treated with u-a-tocopheryl succinate were completely protected against ethyl methanesulphonate-induced lipid peroxidation for the entire incubation period, which also resulted in dramatic protection against ethyl methanesulphonate-induced cell death. Similarly, n-a-tocopheryl succinate administration in vivo dramatically protected isolated hepatocytes against Fe-induced cell... 

Monney, L., Ohvier, R., Otter, 1., Jansen, B., Poirier, GG., and Bomer, C., 1998, Role ofan acidic compartment in tumor-necrosis-factor-a-induced production of ceramide, activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. Eur. J. Biochem. 251 295-303 Morrison, H., Jemstrom, B., Nordenskjdld, M., Thor, H., and Orrenius, S., 1984, Induction of DNA damage by menadione (2-methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone) in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 33 1763-1769 Neuzil, J., Svensson, 1., Weber, T, Weber, C., and Brunk, U.T., 1999, alpha-tocopheryl succinate-induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells involves caspase-3 activation, and both lysosomal and mitochondrial destabilisation. FEES Lett. 445 295-300 Ngo, E.O., Nutter, L.M., Sura, T., and Gutierrez, P. L., 1998, Induction ofp53 by the... 

The main sources of these compounds are vegetable oils, unprocessed cereal grains, and nuts. The vitamin formulations that may be added to foods are o-a-tocopherol, OL-a-tocopherol, o-a-tocopheryl acetate, oL-a-tocopheryl acetate, and o-a-tocopheryl acid succinate [403],... 

Dintaman JM, Silverman JA. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TGPS). Pharm Res 1999 16 1550-1556. 

The permeability of two peptides, P-gp substrate and non P-gp substrate, across caco-2 cells in the presence or absence of polysorbate 80 and cremophor EL, commonly used surfactants in pharmaceutical formulations, was investigated. The permeability of the P-gp substrate peptide across caco-2 cells was enhanced in the presence of polysorbate 80 and cremophor EL, whereas the non-P-gp substrate peptide was not affected by these surfactants [94]. Another commonly used lipidic excipient that has been shown to inhibit P-gp mediated efflux is D-a-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) [95]. The insertion of a known CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitor to the formulation is another approach to elevate bioavailability. 

Lipid moieties coupled to polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been used to increase the blood circulation time of lipoplexes (Fig. 32). The PEG-lipid conjugates such as DOPE-PEG, Chol-PEG, ceramides-PEG and their derivatives are then coformulated with the cationic lipid, helper lipid, and DNA. This results in coating the surface of the lipoplexes with PEG and preventing undesired association with plasma proteins or circulating cells (stealth liposomes). Recently, a-tocopheryl PEG-succinate (TPGS) was also used in gene delivery formulations because of its ability to confer not only a stealth property but also antioxidant and absorption enhancer properties [129]. 

Magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate Hypromellose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellolose Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, butylated hydroxy toluene Sodium lauryl sulfate, Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) Cyclodextrins, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol D-a-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate, oleic acid... 

RRR-a-Tocopheryl Acid Succinate occurs as a white to off white, crystalline powder. It is a form of vitamin E obtained by the vacuum steam distillation and succinylation of edible vegetable oil products. It is stable in air, but is unstable to alkali and to heat. It is insoluble in water soluble in acetone, in alcohol, in ether, and in vegetable oils and very soluble in chloroform. It melts at about 75°. 

Labeling All label claims that are in terms of International Units (IU) should be based on the following 1 mg of RRR-a-Tocopheryl Acid Succinate =1.21 IU. 

Ammonium Hydroxide DL-a-Tocopherol D-a-Tocopherol Concentrate Tocopherols Concentrate, Mixed D-a-Tocopheryl Acetate DL-a-Tocopheryl Acetate D-a-Tocopheryl Acetate Concentrate D-a-Tocopheryl Acid Succinate... 

Gum Arabic Ammonia Solution All-rac-a-Tocopherol RRR-a -T ocopherol RRR-Tocopherols Concentrate, Mixed RRR-a-Tocopheryl Acetate All-rac-a-Tocopheryl Acetate RRR-a-Tocopheryl Acetate Concentrate RRR-a-Tocopheryl Acid Succinate... 

Note TPGS, a-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000-succinate EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. 

Negre-Salvayre, A., Sticha, M., Coffey, R. J., and Weber, C. (2001) Induction of cancer cell apoptosis by alpha-tocopheryl succinate molecular pathways and structural requirements. Faseb J 15,403-15. ... 

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