A-Terpene

C10H13O. B.p. 225-226"C. A terpenic alcohol and a constituent of neroli, petit-grain and bergamot, and of many other essential oils. Nerol has a blander smell than its isomer, geraniol, and is more valuable as a constituent of perfumes. 

Ma.nufa.cture. The preparation of sulfuryl chloride is carried out by feeding dry sulfur dioxide and chlorine into a water-cooled glass-lined steel vessel containing a catalyst, eg, activated charcoal. Alternatively, chlorine is passed into Hquefted sulfur dioxide at ca 0°C in the presence of a dissolved catalyst, eg, camphor, a terpene hydrocarbon, an ether, or an ester. The sulfuryl chloride is purified by distillation the commercial product is typically 99 wt % pure, as measured by ASTM distillation method D850. 

Carene has also been isomerized over an S-alumina catalyst to a 50 50 mixture of dipentene (15) and carvestrene (30). The cmde mixture can be readily polymerized to a terpene resin or copolymerized with piperjiene (63,64). 

It coatains aalicylic aldehyde, C, H,(OH)(COH], a terpene, methyl saliglate. vanilliu, and betroLropin,... 

Perkin pointed out that open chain compounds, which are analogous in structure to a terpene, show a certain similarity in behaviour thus the addition of an ethyl group to 2-methyl 1 5-hexadiene by converting it into 2-methyl 3-ethyl 1 5-hexadiene changes the unpleasant acrid odour into a pleasant one reminding of lemon and peppermint. 

Einolene into its hydrochloride, and then removing the hydrochloric acid y means of aniline, he prepared a terpene, which he termed isopinene,... 

WojQo 1-4652) in absolute ethereal solution was allowed to react with palladium black. After a few hours hydrogen was passed into the liquid at ordinary temperature, giving rise to a terpene possessing the following... 

Firpene is a terpene, which may be a chemical individual, but which may be an impure terpene not yet definitely characterised. It was isolated from the turpentine of the Western fir, by Frankforter and Frary, who found it to have the following physical characters —... 

A terpene yielding isofenchyl alcohol on hydration, which Wallach considers to be one of the fenchenes, was artificially prepared by converting nopinone into a hydroxy ester by means of bromoacetic ester and zinc-dust. The hydroxy ester is dehydrated by potassium bisulphate, and so yields an unsaturated ester, which on saponification yields an acid from which the terpene results by distillation. This fenchene has the following characters —... 

The latest contribution to the chemistry of this abstruse subject is contained in papers by Komppa and Eoschier, and by Eoschier. They have obtained a fenchene l>y treating methyl-/3-fenchocamphorol with potassium bisulphate, which is the inactive form of )8-fenchene, mixed with a small amount of a terpene they term y-fenchene. /3-fenchene (identical with D-(f-fenchene of Wallach), and y-fenchene have the following constitutions —... 

Clover 2 has isolated a terpene from elemi oil, which he claims to be pure o-phellandrene, and which has an optical rotation of -i- 129-8°. 

Henderson and Sutherland have prepared a hydrocarbon synthetically which is possibly a modification of terpinene. They reduced thymo-hydroquinone, thus obtaining menthane-2-5-diol, which was heated for half an hour with twice its weight of sulphate of potash under a reflux condenser, and so yielded a terpene boiling at 179°, of specific gravity about 0 840 and refractive index 1-4779. 

Francesconi and Sernagiotto have isolated a terpene from the essential oil of Crithmum maritirmim distilled from plants grown in Sardinia. 

This terpene has been isolated by Simonsen from Indian turpentine oil, from Pinus longifolia. It is identical with the terpene previously described by Robinson as a terpene yielding sylvestrene hydrochloride when treated with hydrogen chloride. Its characters are as follows —... 

Properties of Latia luciferin. Latia luciferin is a highly hydrophobic, fat-soluble compound, and volatile under vacuum. It is a colorless liquid, with an absorption maximum at 207nm (s approx. 13,700 Fig. 6.1.2). The chemical structure of Latia luciferin has been determined to be 1 (C15H24O2), an enol formate of a terpene aldehyde 3 (Fig. 6.1.3 Shimomura and Johnson, 1968b). The enol formate group of Latia luciferin is unstable the luciferin is spontaneously hydrolyzed... 

A. 2-Chloro-2,3,3-trijluorocyclobutyl acetate (Note 1). A mixture of 1.0 g. of hydroquinone, 3 drops of a terpene inhibitor (Note 2), and 140 g. (1.63 moles) of inhibited redistilled vinyl acetate (Note 3) is placed in a 400-ml. high-pressure shaker tube lined with stainless steel (Note 4). The shaker tube is closed,... 

The reactions of terpenes with ozone lead to a complicated array of products, but the rate behavior for ozone reacting with a terpene can be studied by measuring the concentration of the terpene as a function of time ... 

As is the case with many members of Lamiaceae, Satureja douglasii produces abundant essential oil from glandular trichomes on the leaves. Gas chromatographic analysis of the leaf oils from specimens collected throughout the species range revealed the presence of some dozen and a half well-known compounds. The major compounds identified were camphene [215], camphor [216], which, taken together, were considered to comprise the bicyclic type, carvone [217], pulegone [218], menthone [219], and isomenthone [220] (see Fig. 2.68 for structures 215-220). The predominance of each of these major components defined a terpene type. (All compounds were observed in each of the terpene types, most in comparatively small amounts, some only as traces.)... 

Fig. 4.12 Compounds 347-356, a terpene alcohol and flavonoids from Eucryphia...

After identification of A9-THC as the major active compound in Cannabis and its structural elucidation by Mechoulam and Gaoni in 1964 [66], a lot of work was invested in chemical synthesis of this substance. Analogous to the biosynthesis of cannabinoids, the central step in most of the A9-THC syntheses routes is the reaction of a terpene with a resorcin derivate (e.g., olivetol). Many different compounds were employed as terpenoid compounds, for example citral [67], verbenol [68], or chrysanthenol [69]. The employment of optically pure precursors is inevitable to get the desired (-)-trans-A9-THC. 

Juvabione is a terpene-derived ketoester that has been isolated from various plant sources. There are two stereoisomers, both of which occur naturally with R-configuration at C(4) of the cyclohexene ring and are referred to as erythro- and f/trao-juvabione. The 7(.S )-cnan(iomcr is sometimes called epijuvabione. Juvabione exhibits juvenile hormone activity in insects that is, it can modify the process of metamorphosis.18... 

A terpene inhibitor is usually added to the monomer to prevent spontaneous polymerisation, and in its absence, the monomer will spontaneously explode at pressures above 2.7 bar. The inhibited monomer will explode if ignited [1]. Explosion under thermal initiation is now held to be a disproportionation, that to tetrafluo-romethane and carbon gives 3.2 kJ/g, the same energy as black powder [3], Liquid tetrafluoroethylene, being collected in a liquid nitrogen-cooled trap open to air, formed a peroxidic polymer which exploded [2]. 

A class of hydrocarbons occurring in many essential oils of plants. They can be regarded as low-molecular weight polymers of isoprene (C5I I8)n. Dipentene is a terpene, while natural rubber, gutta percha and balata have been termed polyterpenes. 

Various attempts have been made to improve the stability of amorphous sulphur. Addition of small amounts of halogens, i.e., chlorine, bromine, iodine, treatment with sulphur monochloride or the addition of a terpene have some effect on the rate of conversion. As far as is known, none of the modified materials are commercially available. 

Chang YJ, Song SH, Park SH, Kim SU. (2000) Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase of Artemisia annua cDNA Isolation and bacterial expression of a terpene synthase involved in artemisinin biosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 3S3 178-184. 

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