ASTM distillation

Ma.nufa.cture. The preparation of sulfuryl chloride is carried out by feeding dry sulfur dioxide and chlorine into a water-cooled glass-lined steel vessel containing a catalyst, eg, activated charcoal. Alternatively, chlorine is passed into Hquefted sulfur dioxide at ca 0°C in the presence of a dissolved catalyst, eg, camphor, a terpene hydrocarbon, an ether, or an ester. The sulfuryl chloride is purified by distillation the commercial product is typically 99 wt % pure, as measured by ASTM distillation method D850. 

When simple Hquids like naphtha are cracked, it may be possible to determine the feed components by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (gc/ms) (30). However, when gas oil is cracked, complete analysis of the feed may not be possible. Therefore, some simple definitions are used to characterize the feed. When available, paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics (PONA) content serves as a key property. When PONA is not available, the Bureau of Mines Correlation Index (BMCI) is used. Other properties like specific gravity, ASTM distillation, viscosity, refractive index. Conradson Carbon, and Bromine Number are also used to characterize the feed. In recent years even nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been... 

FIG. 13-81 ASTM (distillation apparatus detail of distilling flask is shown in the upper figure. 

Usually, product specifications for a crude distillation unit are expressed in terms of the products 15/5 or ASTM distillation curves. The prediction of a product 15/5 distillation is accomplished simply by blending the quantities of the pseudo components in the stream so as to form a true boiling point, 15/5 equivalent, distillation curve. This curve can then be converted to an ASTM type distillation using an empirical method. Figure 5 illustrates how a typical ASTM curve compares to the 15/5 curve for the same material. 

Conversion of ASTM Distillation to TBP Distillation for Gasoline, LCD, and Decanted Oil... 

GPC of charcoal lighter fluid (Figure 9) shows the increase in the linear molecular size of the cut similar to the ASTM distillation pattern. Lubricating oils are narrower cuts. 

High residue in ASTM distillation may indicate a possible existent gum problem... 

Under the 1948 commercial standard CS 12-48, fuel oil No. 1 is defined as intended for vaporizing pot-type burners and other burners requiring this grade, whereas No. 2 is defined as for general purpose domestic heating for use in burners not requiring No. 1. The No. 1 fuel is therefore specified to have a low 10% point in the ASTM distillation to ensure quick starting, and a low end point and low carbon residue to ensure clean vaporization. 

FUEL PROPERTIES. Hydrogen-carbon ratio, aromatic content, American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) distillation temperatures, gravity, and aniline point are the properties that have been used alone or in combinations to indicate the coke-forming tendency of a fuel. Two of these relations are discussed below. 

The ASTM distillation flash char test provides a good indication of both esters and heavy polymers in the reactor effluent. The addition of water dispersible filming amine corrosion inhibitors into the fractionator overhead vapor lines and the addition of mono- and triethanol amines into the feed line of the fractionators has aided in many cases. 

Kinematic, cs Saybolt Universal Seconds ASTM distillation, 0 F ... 

The D2892 lab test is a rather difficult test to run, requiring extensive laboratory work and considerable specialized equipment. It is therefore most apparent that the simpler ASTM tests D86 and D1160 are preferred. No fractionator reflux is required. These ASTM distillations, compared to the more rigorous TBP tests, are more widely used. This is because the ASTM tests are simpler, less expensive, require less sample, and require approximately one-tenth as much time. Also, these ASTM tests are standardized, whereas TBP distillations vary appreciably in procedure and apparatus. 

ASTM distillation is a test prescribed by the American Society for Testing and Materials to measure the volume percent distilled at various temperatures.5 The results often are reported the other way around the temperatures at which given volume percents vaporize.8 These data indicate the quantity of conventional boiling range products occurring naturally in the crude oil. Analytical tests on each fraction indicate the kind of processing... 

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