8-Zeins

Zeine C and Grobe J 1997 Diffuse refleotanoe infrared Fourier transform DRIFT speotrosoopy in the preservation of historioal monuments studies on salt migration Mikrochim. Acta 125 279-82... 

Zeigler-Natta catalysts Zein coatings Zeisses salt Zelan... 

Theie aie only a few fat replacement products based on protein. LITA is a com protein—polysaccharide compound the role of the polysaccharide is to stabilize the protein (zein). The final product is 87% protein and 5% polysaccharide. The mixture, spray dried after processing, claims to look like cream on rehydration. It is low in viscosity, flavor, and lubricity, and is stable to mild heating. The protein particle size is 0.3—3 p.m (55). 

Lita zein (com protein) Opta Food Ingredients, Pfizer... 

Of these materials zein, the maize protein, has been used for plastics on a small scale. It can be cross-linked by formaldehyde but curing times are very long. Complicated bleaching processes have led to the production of almost colourless samples in the laboratory but the process cannot readily be extended to large-scale operation. The cured product has a greater water resistance than casein. Proteins from soya bean, castor bean and blood have also been converted into plastic masses but each have the attendant dark colour. 

Storage proteins Ovalbumin Casein Zein Phaseolin Eerritin... 

Just as the solid/liquid phase equilibria in the systems HX/H2O show several points of interest, so too do the liquid/gas phase equilibria. When dilute aqueous solutions of HX are heated to boiling the concentration of HX in the vapour is less than that in the liquid phase, so that the liquid becomes progressively more concentrated and the bp progressively rises until a point is reached at which the liquid has the same composition as the gas phase so that it boils without change in composition and at constant temperature. This mixture is called an azeotrope (Greek a, without zein, to boil rpo7tr, trope, change). 

Nitrogen sources include proteins, such as casein, zein, lactalbumin protein hydrolyzates such proteoses, peptones, peptides, and commercially available materials, such as N-Z Amine which is understood to be a casein hydrolyzate also corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gluten, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat extracts, stick liquor, liver cake, yeast extracts and distillers solubles amino acids, urea, ammonium and nitrate salts. Such inorganic elements as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and combinations of these anions and cations in the form of mineral salts may be advantageously used in the fermentation. 

Human skin compatibility has a high priority in manual dishwashing detergents. Recently, it was shown that there are some new possibilities to lower the Zein number by intelligent formulations. The Zein number is a common measure of the denaturation of protein under controlled conditions [84], A better... 

The performance potential of synergistic mixtures of anionics (e.g., alkanesulfonates) and amine oxides with hydroxyethylene groups was already analyzed some years ago [89]. It was shown that lauryldi(hydroxyethylene)amine N-oxide lowers the Zein values of the mixtures with alkanesulfonates. 

Van Paassen [57,67] reported a synergistic decrease of the skin and eye irritation level of sodium lauryl ether sulfate by combination with lauryl ether carboxylates. The investigations have been carried out using the Draize eye irritation test and human patch test (Tables 13 and 14). Furthermore, measurements by in vitro methods, the Zein test, and the red blood cell test show low to no irritancy [251-253]. 

In a broad evaluation also the sulfosuccinate disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (DLSS) was a part of a variety of surfactants tested for their dermatological mildness, and some different test methods were applied [16]. Products were compared applying in vitro methods (Zein test, hemolysis) and in vivo methods (Duhring-Chamber test, skin mildness by intracutaneous test on mice and topical application on hairless mice, mucous membrane irritation according to the Draize procedure on rabbit eyes). In the Duhring-Chamber test the DLSS elicited no reactions in the animal tests it ranged in the least irritant third of the 15 products tested. 

There have been many attempts to relate skin studies with in vitro experimental data. The solubility of Zein in solutions of surfactants is said to be a reliable guide to any effects of anionic surfactants on skin [108,109]. Though the Zein test is not conclusive in all cases, but many development laboratories use this method as a screening tool to avoid expensive developments with unsuitable raw materials. 

Witco s results employing the Zein test are depicted in Fig. 17. Other authors assessments [16] with respect to lauryl ether sulfates, lauryl sulfate, and sulfosuccinates have been confirmed. 

Good confirmation of these figures is given in Ref. 111. In this evaluation, a sulfosuccinate was run both in the Zein test and in the RBC test. With both results the sulfosuccinate is described as the second best compatible surfactant after a high molecular weight protein fatty acid condensate. 

Zein MM, MT Suidan, AD Venosa (2006) Bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with gasoline hydrocarbons and oxygenates using a membrane-based reactor. Environ Sci Technol 40 1997-2003. 

Name from zein (Germanic = rod), the metal was cast in this shape chemical symbol from stannum (Latin)... 

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