Wrist fracture

In association with caffeine intake a lower bone mineral content was shown bivariately, but not multivariately, however, there was no relationship between coffee and fracture risk Caffeine intake unrelated to hip or wrist fracture. 

The drug reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women, but no fracture data are available in men. Lumbar spine BMD increases are higher than with any other osteoporosis therapy. Although wrist BMD is decreased, wrist fractures are not increased. 

Osteoporosis Alendronate Raloxifene Reduced spine, hip, and wrist fractures Reduced spine fractures Alendronate Phase III FIT 1 and 2 MORE >15,000 18,19... 

In clinical tests the dahllite-based material was injected as an implant for internal stabilization of a wrist fracture. The ingredients were mixed to form a slurry that was injected in the patient s body. The paste set within minutes under physiological conditions. The material was allowed to harden in situ before a cast was applied. The healing process was more rapid compared to conventional techniques. The new biomaterial resisted compressive forces from the musculature and the wrist healed faster than indicated by historical controls. 

Musculoskeletal All extremities, the pelvic ring, peripheral pulses, and thoracic and lumbar spine should be assessed. If necessary. X-rays should be obtained when the patient is stabilized. Hemorrhage from pelvic fractures is not uncommon. Hand, foot, and wrist fractures and soft tissue injuries may be missed. Frequent reevaluation should take place to identify these. 

Clinically, osteoporosis is categorized as postmenopausal, age-related, or secondary. Postmenopausal osteoporosis affects primarily trabecular bone in the decade following menopause, with fractures occurring predominantly at vertebral and distal forearm sites. Within a few years after peak BMD is attained, usually in the mid- to late-30s, bone loss slowly begins. The cumulative effect over time can translate into age-related osteoporosis that affects both cortical and trabecular bone and leads to vertebral, hip, and wrist fractures. Secondary osteoporosis is caused by either diseases or medications and afflicts both bone types. Secondary causes can be found in 11% to 31% of women and 30% to 54% of men. ... 

The hand and wrist are the most common sites of skeletal injury in children (Hastings and Simmons 1984), with fractures of the distal end of the radius being the most common (Landin 1997). Wrist fractures are usually the result of falls, the ubiquitous FOOSH (fall on out-stretched hand) on the X-ray request, or sports related injuries. Again these are common injuries of childhood, with 42% of all fractures of the radius and ulna occurring in children up to the age of 14 (Chung and Spilson 2001). 

Soft Tissue Injuries. Some of the more common soft tissue injuries are sprains, strains, contusions, tendonitis, bursitis, and stress injuries, caused by damaged tendons, muscles, and ligaments. A sprain is a soft tissue injury to the ligaments. Certain sprains are often associated with small fractures. This type of injury is normally associated with a localized trauma event. The severity of the sprain depends on how much of the ligament is torn and to what extent the ligament is detached from the bone. The areas of the human body that are most vulnerable to sprains are ankles, knees, and wrists. 

Osteoporosis is a common and often silent disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. It is associated with increased risk and rates of bone fracture and is responsible for over 1.5 million fractures in the United States annually, resulting in direct health care costs of over 17 billion.1 As the population ages, these numbers are expected to increase. It is estimated that postmenopausal Caucasian women have a 50% lifetime chance of developing an osteoporosis-related fracture.1 Common sites of fracture include the spine, hip, and wrist, although almost all sites can be affected. Only a fraction of patients with osteoporosis receive optimal treatment. 

The most common osteoporosis-related fractures involve the vertebrae, proximal femur, and distal radius (wrist or Colies fracture). Two-thirds of patients with vertebral fractures are asymptomatic the remainder present with moderate to severe back pain that radiates down a leg after a new vertebral fracture. The pain usually subsides significantly after 2 to 4 weeks, but residual, chronic, low-back pain may persist. Multiple vertebral fractures decrease height and sometimes curve the spine (kyphosis or lordosis) with or without significant back pain. 

Osteoporosis is a world wide problem with consequences for both the individual affected and society as a whole. Osteoporosis affects an estimated 75 million people in Europe, USA and Japan. The estimated cost for the treatment of osteoporosis in the world is 18.3 billion dollars a year. Hip, vertebrae and wrist are the most frequent sites for osteoporotic fractures. Due to the increase in the population over 60 years of age this scenario is about to escalate and regarding one of the most serious fractures, the hip fracture, an increase with more than 200% is likely to occur. Today, approximately 1.6 million hip fractures happen yearly in the world and, in the nearest forty to fifty years, this number can increase to about 5 million. The risk of hip fractures is highest in Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Denmark and the United States (NIH 2000). 

It is 2 30 on Tuesday, August 22. You are driving Vehicle 25, heading west on NW 91st Street. Your coworker Alex Thorp is riding on the platform at the back of the truck. Just as you round the corner to head north on Park Place, he loses his grip and falls from the truck. You stop immediately to see if he is hurt. He says he s fine, but about an hour later his wrist hurts badly enough that he asks you to take him to the hospital. You go to the Mercy Medical Center. The doctor who examines him says the wrist is mildly fractured. 

Alex Thorp was in 25 on NE 91 st when he fell off onto Park Place because he broke his wrist. I stopped, but he wasn t hurt. Later the doctor said he had a fractured wrist. It was 3 30 on Tuesday, August 22. 

Around 2 30 on Tuesday, August 22, Alex Thorp fell from the back platform of 25 while I was turning the corner from the west lane of NW 91st to go north on Park Place. About an hour later he asked to go to the hospital. The doctor said his wrist was fractured. 

The doctor said Alex s wrist was mildly fractured. It happened when he fell off the back of Vehicle 25. He went to the doctor later at Mercy Medical Center. It didn t hurt at first. He lost his grip. I turned from NW 91st west onto Park Place north. This was Tuesday, August 22, at around 2 30. 

On or about 2 30 on Tuesday, August 22, my coworker Alex Thorp and I were headed westbound on NW 91 St Street. As I proceeded around the corner to head northbound on Park Place, he lost his grip and suffered an unknown injury. Later we went to Mercy Medical Center to seek a doctor s attention, who said it was fractured wrist, only mildly. 

Around 2 30 on Tuesday, August 22, Alex Thorp lost his grip while riding on the back platform of Vehicle 25 as I was driving around the corner from NW 91 st west onto Park Place north. He didn t realize he was hurt until about an hour later. I took him to Mercy Medical Center where a doctor examined him and said he had a mildly fractured wrist. 

A group of materials technologists and surgeons led by Brent Constanz of the Norian Corporation in Cupertino, California, USA developed a bone paste to be injected into bone fractures. The paste, trade name Norian SRS, hardens in minutes and thus braces broken bones. In 12 hours the material has a compression strength which equals that of natural bone. So far the material has been tested in fractures of the hip, knee, shoulder and wrist. The operations proceed faster than their traditional equivalents fewer plates and screws are necessary and the patients are able to resume their normal activities much more quickly. 

Osteoporosis is a disease which affects the bones. Patients have a low bone mineral density and the bone structure has deteriorated. This leads to weakened bones which are more susceptible to breaking. Fractures of the wrist, hip and spine occur most frequently but other bones may be affected. 

One of the first signs of osteoporosis is when a patient experiences a non-trau-matic fracture. Fractures of the wrist, hip and spine are the most typical of osteoporotic fragility but fractures of other bones are not uncommon. 

Symptoms of osteoporosis occur primarily due to the results of bone fractures. The most common locations for such fractures are those bones that should normally have the highest turnover rate of resorption-formation. The wrist is one such location, and a characteristic fracture of the wrist due to osteoporosis is known as a Colle s fracture. 

Ideally, diagnosis of osteoporosis should be made prior to the occurrence of symptom-causing fractures. Various radiologic techniques are available to measure the density (solidity) of bone, and include x ray and CT (computed tomography) examinations of the spine, femur, and wrist bones. 

Osteoporosis is a widespread bone disease osteomalacia is relatively rare. The former disease occurs in old age and most commonly affects postmenopausal Caucasian women. By the age of 65, about half of all persons show signs of osteoporosis. The disease results in fractures of the vertebra, hip, and wrist that occur either spontaneously or with minimal trauma, such as getting out of bed or opening a window. Osteoporosis involves the thinning of bone, enlargement of the cavities and canals in bone, and gradual loss of bone at a rate of 5 to 10% per decade. It results from the continued action of the osteoclasts in forming cavities in bone and the failure of the osteoblasts to fill in the cavities with osteoid and mineral. 

It is estimated that at least 15 million persons in the United States have osteoporosis. The sites of osteoporotic fractures most commonly are the vertebra and hip, though the forearm and wrist are also involved. A bone fracture in an elderly person is imdesirable because it leads to periods of disability. In addition, about 10% of the fractures of osteoporosis are fatal. Osteoporosis results from the continued activity of osteoclasts but reduced activity of osteoblasts. Hence, the disease involves a lack of coordination in the rates of bone resorption and formation. The biochemical basis for this imbalance is not clear because of the complexity of the mechanisms controlling the activities of bone cells (and of all other cells). At least a dozen growth factors are used to regulate bone cells. 

Bone tissue is constantly being renewed by the concerted action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone remodeling has two main phases a resorption phase consisting in the removal of old bone by osteoclasts, and a later phase of new bone formation driven by osteoblasts [6], Thus, the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts determines bone mass, bone geometry, bone quality, and, subsequently, bone strength [7, 8]. Osteoporosis is a prevalent disorder consisting in decreased bone mass and/or abnormal bone microarchitecture that impairs bone strength and increases the risk of fracture. Therefore, patients with osteoporosis may suffer fractures as a result of minor trauma, or even in the absence of trauma. The most common osteoporotic fractures are those of the vertebral bodies, the hip, the wrist, the shoulder, and the pelvis. 

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