World Wide Web access

The International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry is pleased to announce the establishment of its home page on the World Wide Web. Access can be gained from the following locafions ... 

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Web Patent Databases. The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) [72] offers free World Wide Web access, http // www.uspto.gov/main/patents.htm, to a bibliographic patent database that uses the most current patent classification system, this may not match the classification data that appears on the printed patent, and to a full-text patent database that uses the classification data that appear on the printed patent, this may not match the current classification data. The databases start with January 1, 1976, patents. The full text of a patent includes all bibliographical data (e.g., inventor s name, the patent s title, the assignee s name, etc.) and the abstract, full description of the invention, and the claims. All the words in the text of the patent are searchable. If the patent number is known, the patent, regardless of year, can be ordered from the PTO. Automated searching of 1971 to date patents is available at some of the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries. Prior to 1971 searching can be done at the PTO facilities or at the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries. Commercial patent search services are also available. 

Pleissner, K. P., Sander, S., Oswald, H., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Fleck, E. (1996). The construction of the World Wide Web-accessible myocardial two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protein database HEART-2DPAGE a practical approach. Electrophoresis 17, 1386-1392. 

Hochstrasser, D. F. (1998). Multiple parameter cross-spedes protein identification using Multildent - a world-wide web accessible tool. Electrophoresis 19, 3199-3206. 

WiUdns, M. R., Lindskog, I., Gasteiger, E., Bairoch, A., Sanchez, J.-C., Hochstrasser, D. R, and Appel, R. D. (1997). Detailed peptide characterization using PeptideMass, a World Wide Web-accessible tool. Electrophoresis 18, 403-408. 

Wilkins, M. R., E. Gasteiger, C. H. Wheeler, I. Lindskog, J. C. Sanchez, A. Bairoch, R. D. Appel, M. J. Dunn, and D. F. Hochstrasser. 1998, Multiple parameter cross-species protein identification using Multildent—a world-wide web accessible tool. Electrophoresis 19 3199-3206. 

A number of structured databases have been developed to classify proteins according to the three-dimensional structures. Many of these are accessible via the World Wide Web, T1 protein databanlc (PDB [Bernstein d al. 1977]) is the primary source of data about the stru tures of biological macromolecules and contains a large number of structures, but many i these are of identical proteins (complexed with different ligands or determined at differet resolutions) or are of close homologues. 

The three basic Internet appHcations of remote login, electronic mad, and file transfer are also budding blocks of more sophisticated appHcations that offer increased functionaUty and ease of network use. Tools such as Gopher, Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), and World Wide Web (WWW) go beyond the three basic Internet functions to make information on the network easier to locate and use. Detaded descriptions of these tools are avadable (10). This trend toward more powerful, user-friendly networked information resource access systems should continue as Internet grows and matures. 

The World Wide Web has transformed the way in which we obtain and analyze published information on proteins. What only a few years ago would take days or weeks and require the use of expensive computer workstations can now be achieved in a few minutes or hours using personal computers, both PCs and Macintosh, connected to the internet. The Web contains hundreds of sites of Interest to molecular biologists, many of which are listed in Pedro s BioMolecular Research Tools (http // www.fmi.ch/biology/research tools.html). Many sites provide free access to databases that make it very easy to obtain information on structurally related proteins, the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins, relevant literature references, medical information and metabolic pathways. This development has opened up new opportunities for even non-specialists to view and manipulate a structure of interest or to carry out amino-acid sequence comparisons, and one can now rapidly obtain an overview of a particular area of molecular biology. We shall here describe some Web sites that are of interest from a structural point of view. Updated links to these sites can be found in the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site (http // WWW.ProteinStructure.com/). 

There are many excellent textbooks on the subject of distillation, however with the explosion of information on the World Wide Web, process engineers can now gain almost instant access to calculation methods and model simulations which will walk the engineer through the important design steps. The following Web sites are recommended to be reviewed and accessed by the reader. 

Biological raw data are stored in public databanks (such as Genbank or EMBL for primary DNA sequences). The data can be submitted and accessed via the World Wide Web. Protein sequence databanks like trEMBL provide the most likely translation of all coding sequences in the EMBL databank. Sequence data are prominent, but also other data are stored, e.g.yeast two-hybrid screens, expression arrays, systematic gene-knock-out experiments, and metabolic pathways. 

Since the early 1970s a panel convened by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has been working to formulate recommendations for carbohydrate nomenclature that meet developing needs of research and electronic data handling, while retaining links to the established literature base on carbohydrates. The realization of these endeavors is presented here in the final document Nomenclature of Carbohydrates, which provides a definitive reference for current researchers, both in the text version and in the version accessible on the World Wide Web (http //www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/), where amendments and revisions are maintained. 

US EPA, Residue Chemistry Test Guideline. OPPTS 860.1340 Residue Analytical Chemistry, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (1996). Also available on the World Wide Web http //fedhss.access.gpo.gov. 

The Swiss-Prot database is probably the most widely used protein database. It is maintained collaboratively by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) and the Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics. It is relatively easy to access and search via the World Wide Web (Table 2.4). A sample entry for human insulin is provided in Figure 2.4. Additional information detailing such databases is available via the web addresses provided in Table 2.4 and in the bioinformatics publications listed at the end of this chapter. 

Bane SL Tubulin , World Wide Web, Internet http //chemistry.binghamton.edu/ BANE/tubulin.html (accessed December 9, 2005)... 

The Accessible Copy may not be further copied, nor may it be supplied to any other person, without permission. It may not be made available on the world wide web or copied or transferred to any third party. 

Physical integration is mainly a matter of technical or practical import. It may be necessary to make local copies of some data sources in order to ensure reliability or to reduce access times. For example, in the WWW (World Wide Web), Internet service providers often use local caches of popular web sites to improve access time. Because of the way certain servers operate, it may be necessary to have local copies of all data. 

American Coal Ash Association 2002. 2001 Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Production and Use (Short Tons). World Wide Web Address http // www.acaa-usa.org / PDF / ACAA2001 CCPSurvey. pdf. (accessed June 2003). 

Derrick Corporation 2003. World Wide Web Address http //www.derrickcorp.com/products/ wetsizing/floline.htm (accessed December 2003). 

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