World Health Organization children

World Health Organization - Child Health. Online. Available HTTP (accessed 10 April 2003). 

Health Canada, and the World Health Organization (1997 Canadian Paediatric Society, Dietitians of Canada, Health Canada, 2005 World Health Organization, 2001). Health organizations recommend that breastfeeding be continued while the infant consumes complementary foods during the first year of life as desired by mother and child (1997 Canadian Paediatric Society et al., 2005 World Health Organization, 2001). 

World Health Organization (1996) Multiaxial Classification of Child and Adolescent Disorders The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press, pp. 43 5. 

The innate system is of special importance during early infancy. Prior to birth and for at least 4-12 months after birth a child s immune system is poorly developed. It may not become fully competent until age 5.34 35 During the prenatal period maternal antibodies are transferred to the child. IgG crosses the placenta and enters the fetal circulation. Breast milk provides IgA, which remains largely in the child s gut, as well as other protective proteins. UNICEF and the World Health Organization recommend breast-feeding to two years or beyond 34... 

It is well established that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem in more than ioo countries, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia, hitting hardest young children and pregnant women. Worldwide, over 124 million children are estimated to be vitamin A deficient. Many of these children go blind or become ill from diarrhea, and nearly eight million preschool age children die each year as the result of this deficiency. The World Health Organization estimates that improved vitamin A nutritional status could prevent the deaths of 1.3—2.5 million late-infancy and preschool age children each year (Humphrey et al. 1992). The heartache of losing a child to a preventable disease is not one commonly encountered in the developed world. 

WHO (2005a) The world health report Make every mother and child count. Redesigning child care Survival, growth and development. Geneva, World Health Organization (http //www.who.int/whr/2005/en/). 

Malaria is one of the world s most serious human health problems. According to the World Health Organization, more than 200 million new infections occur each year, many resulting in death [66]. The disease is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, most notably P. falciparum, which live in the intestines of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Humans are infected by bites from infected mosquitoes, by blood transfusions from infected donors, or by an expectant mother transmitting the disease to her child. Malaria is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South America, the Indian subcontinent and Oceania [67]. 

Fig. 27-8. Progressive vaccinia or vaccinia necrosum. As seen in this child, progressive viral replication at the inoculation site in an immunocompromised individual leads to inexorable local tissue destruction. Reprinted with permission from Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Jezek Z, Ladnyi ID. Smallpox and Its Eradication. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization 1988 298. Photograph by C. H. Kempe.

Why is breast milk a superior food for any baby, but especially a premature one To what age of the child does the World Health Organization and the American Pediatric Association recommend breastfeeding ... 

Basing their views upon an examination of the biochemical evidence for adverse effects of lead rather than upon studies of child brain development, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [4] and the World Health Organization (WHO) [5] have recommended upper limits to the population median blood lead level. In consequence, the US EPA has promulgated an ambient air quality standard designed to limit the exposure of the general population to airborne lead [4]. This standard will necessitate tight control over emission of lead into the atmosphere. 

In the last two decades, over forty clinical trials have examined the use of vitamin A as an intervention to reduce the morbidity and mortality from infectious disease. Large community-based controlled clinical trials have provided persuasive scientific evidence that preschool child morbidity and mortality can be lowered by improving vitamin A status. The impact of vitamin A supplementation upon case fatality rates in measles has been impressive. The World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the International Vitamin A Consultative Group now recommend the use of vitamin A supplementation as a means of improving child survival in developing countries where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem and for acute comphcated measles. These measures are expected to save thousands of children s lives in developing countries. 

Acknowledging the findings of the World Health Organization/UNICEF World report on child injury prevention which identifies road trafhc injuries as the leading cause of all unintentional injuries to children and describes the physical and developmental characteristics which place children at particular risk,... 

Beaton GH, Martorell R, Aronson KJ et al. (1993) Effectiveness of Vitamin A Supplementation in the Control of Young Child Morbidity and Mortality in Developing Countries, ACC/SCN State of the Art Series Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper No. 13. Geneva World Health Organization. 

The great crossroads that was the plan s point of departure has been variously interpreted as a symbol of Christ s cross or an Amazonian bow. Costa, however, referred to it as a monumental axis, the same term that Le Corbusier used to describe the center of many of his urban plans. Even if the axis represented a small attempt to assimilate Brasilia in some way to its national tradition, it remained a city that could have been anywhere, that provided no clue to its own history, unless that history was the modernist doctrine of ciam. It was a state-imposed city invented to project a new Brazil to Brazilians and to the world at large. And it was a state-imposed city in at least one other sense inasmuch as it was created to be a city for civil servants, many aspects of life that might otherwise have been left to the private sphere were minutely organized, from domestic and residential matters to health services, education, child care, recreation, commercial outlets, and so forth. 

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