Expectant mothers

Women health care professionals may also experience unique sets of challenges and expectations within their work environments. It has been found that women see work as a means of self-fulfillment and professional autonomy and consequently may hold higher expectations for their careers than men (Muldary, 1983). Moreover, women health professionals who manage families in addition to their jobs have expectations to fulfill as professionals as well as wives or mothers. Expectations from each role can carry over into the other contexts and can result in little time for women to meet their personal needs. Another problem that can be experienced by women professionals is real or perceived sexism. Although beyond the scope of this chapter, real or perceived sexism can result in added frustrations and resentments that could further contribute to burnout. 

We first learn to orient ourselves toward the expectations that these significant others have for us. Women in the sciences and engineering are twice as likely as men to name someone significant to them who influenced then-interest (Seymour and Hewitt, 1997). Mentors and role models are much more important to young women in the sciences, engineering in particular (Frestedt, 1995). Bleeker Jacobs (2004) found that daughters whose mothers expected them to succeed in a math career were more Ukely to go into a science- or math-related career. 

In this reaction only 5% of the expected 12a-methyl steroid (19) can be isolated from the mother liquors after ketal cleavage. Rearrangement is undoubtedly due to magnesium halides in solution, since dimethylmagnesium smoothly effects the transformation of (17) to (19). A 41 % overall yield of (19) is obtained in this experiment. ... 

The glutarimide best known to the lay public, thalidomide (40), owes its reputation not to efficacy, but to the wholly unanticipated and tragic teratogenic effects elicited by this compound. It might be noted that the very efficacy and lack of the usual barbiturate side effects shown by this drug led to its prescription as a hypnotic for expectant mothers. Condensation of the phthalimide of glutamic acid (39) with ammonia at elevated... 

Senay EC Methadone maintenance treatment. Int J Addict 20 803—821, 1985 Senay EC, Dorus W, Goldberg F, et al Withdrawal from methadone maintenance rate of withdrawal and expectation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 34 361—367, 1977 Sharpe C, Kuschel C Outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for pain management in pregnancy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 89 F33—F36, 2004... 

The synthetic preparation of 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was facilitated in that the chemical precursor, 2,4,4 -trichloro-2 -hydroxydiphenyl ether, was available as a pure material. Condensation was induced by heating the potassium salt at 200 °C for 15 hours in bis (2-ethoxyethyl) ether. Product analysis by GLC and mass spectrometry revealed an unexpected dichlorophenol and a monochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Further, the product initially isolated by crystallization from the reaction mixture was 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, rather than the expected 2,8-isomer. Cooling of the mother liquor yielded crystalline plates which were shown to be 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by x-ray diffraction (Reaction 2). 

One of the most devastating effects of methamphetamine addiction can be seen in pregnant women who are addicted. Exposure of a fetus to methamphetamine has been shown to cause limb malformations, abnormal reflexes, and behavioral problems in the newborn. Moreover, meth-addicted expectant mothers experience more premature deliveries and complications during delivery than do non-using expectant mothers. 

A well known example of tragic consequences is provided by "Thalidomide" (or "Contergan") which was commercialised in the 60 s whereas the (/ )-enantiomer shows a weak sedative activity, the enantiomer of (5)-configuration, administered together in the racemate, caused in the expectant mothers a teratogenic effect (malformations) on the foetus. 

It would be expected that, since the foetus is a foreign body, it should be recognised as such by the immune system and rejected. Furthermore, foetal tissue is part of the placenta, so that maternal and foetal tissue are intimately structurally associated. This is no evidence that the maternal immune system is suppressed during pregnancy since the mothers do not suffer from an abnormally high number of infections. 

The meaning of this dream was far from clear at the time, and even now it remains obscure. What is clear is that at a given date an event of importance was to be expected in the delta of the Amazon. I hoped then that the total eclipse of the sun was that long-anticipated event, and that its totality over the vagina of the world mother anticipated an event of great import for everyone. 

---