Anopheles mosquito

Heeds indirectly affect the health of man and animals by harboring animals or insects. Control of aquatic weeds is effective for mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say) control by eliminating breeding habitats. In control of the tsetse fly (Glossian spp.) (vector of sleeping sickness in Africa), herbicides are involved to reduce growth of the brush so essential to the survival of the fly. 

Normal Routes of Exposure Vectors (mosquitoes—Anopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiae). Infectious Dose Unknown. 

Many hunters react to their prey s overall scent or some of its components, perhaps the smell of fur or some less complex odor. One of the world s most injurious insects, the African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), prefers humans to other sources of a blood meal. Oddly, whenever possible the mosquitoes bite people on their feet. This predilection reflects their strong attraction to the mixture of fatty acids that we associate with smelly feet. Humans may find the odor offensive, but these mosquitoes know it as a fragrant guide to blood. The same fatty acids also draw them to another odor that offends some people, the smell of Limburger cheese. 

Mans, B.J. et al. (2007) The crystal structure of D7r4, a salivary biogenic amine-binding protein from the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. J. Biol. Chem., 282 (50), 36626-36633. 

Fox A. N., Pitts R. J. and Zwiebel L. J. (2002) A cluster of candidate odorant receptors from the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Chem. Senses 27, 453 459. 

Catteruccia F., Nolan T., Loukeris T. G., Blass C., Savakis C., Kafatos F. C. and Crisanti A. (2000) Stable germline transformation of the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Nature 405, 959-962. 

Haddow A. J. and Ssenkubuge, Y. (1962). Laboratory observations on the oviposition-cycle in the mosquito Anopheles (Cellia) gambiae Giles. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 56, 352-355. 

Jones M. D., Hill M. and Hope A. M. (1967) The circadian flight activity of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae phase setting by the light regime. J. Exp. Biol. 47, 503-511. 

Biessmann H., Walter M. F., Dimitratos S. and Woods D. (2002) Isolation of cDNA clones encoding putative odourant binding proteins from the antennae of the malaria-transmitting mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Insect Mol. Biol. 11, 123-132. 

Vogt R. G. (2002) Odorant binding proteins of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae possible orthologues of the OS-E and OS-F OBPs of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Chem. Ecol. 28, RC29-RC35 (http //www.kluweronline.com/issn/0098-0331)... 

Merrill C. E., Riesgo-Escovar J. R., Pitts R. J., Kafatos F. C., Carlson J. R. and Zwiebel L. J. (2002) Visual arrestins in olfactory pathways of Drosophila and the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 1633-1638. Moore P. A. (1994) A model of the role of adaptation and disadaptation in olfactory receptor neurons implications for the coding of temporal and intensity patterns in odor signals. Chem. Senses 19, 71-86. 

Vizioli, J., Richman, A.M., Uttenweiler-Joseph, S., Blass, C., and Bulet, P. (2001) The defensin of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae antimicrobial activities and expression in adult mosquitoes. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 31, 241-248. 

Anyanwu, G.I., Davies, D.H., Molyneux, D.H., Phillips, A. and Milligan, P. J. (1993). Cuticular hydrocarbon discrimination/variation among strains of the mosquito, Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 87, 269-275. 

Pathak, N., Mittal, P.K., Singh, O.P., Vidya Sagar, D. and Vasudevan, P. (2000) Larvicidal action of essential oi Is from plants against the vector mosquitoes Anopheles Stephens (Liston), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Aedes aegypti (L.). International Pest Control 42(2), 53-55. 

Lowe G et al (1989) Adenylate cyclase mediates olfactory transduction for a wide variety of odorants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 5641-5645 Lu T et al (2007) Odor coding in the maxillary palp of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae. CurrBiol 17 1533-1544... 

Prapanthadara, L.A., Kuttastep, S., Hemingway, ]., and Ketterman, A.J. 1995b. Characterization of the major form of glutathione transferase in the mosquito Anopheles-dirus-A. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 23, S81. 

---