Child injuries

Acknowledging the findings of the World Health Organization/UNICEF World report on child injury prevention which identifies road trafhc injuries as the leading cause of all unintentional injuries to children and describes the physical and developmental characteristics which place children at particular risk,... 

Aspinn possesses a number of properties that make it an often recommended drug It is an analgesic effective m relieving headache pain It is also an antiinflammatory agent providing some relief from the swelling associated with arthritis and minor injuries Aspinn IS an antipyretic compound that is it reduces fever How aspmn does all this was once a mystery but is now better understood and will be discussed m Section 26 6 Each year more than 40 million lb of aspirin is produced m the United States a rate equal to 300 tablets per year for every man woman and child... 

Barter RA, Byrne MJ, Carter RE. 1966. Pulmonary hyaline membrane Late results of injury to the lung linings. Arch Dis Child 41(219) 489-495. 

Evaluate liver function tests at the start of and during the course of voriconazole therapy. Monitor patients who develop abnormal liver function tests during voriconazole therapy for the development of more severe hepatic injury. Discontinuation of voriconazole must be considered if clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop that may be attributable to voriconazole. Hepatic function impairment It is recommended that the standard loading dose regimens be used but that the maintenance dose be halved in patients with mild to moderate hepatic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A and B) receiving voriconazole. 

B) restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate parmer of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other conduct that would place an intimate partner in reasonable fear of bodily injury to the partner or child and... 

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1.4 million cases of child maltreatment are reported annually, with 160,000 children suffering serious injuries and 2000 children dying each year as a consequence of maltreatment. Prevalence rates have been evaluated for different types of abuse in clinical, community, and national samples. Prevalence rates of sexual abuse range from 7%-62% in women (McCauley et al., 1997). A reanalysis of 166 studies on the prevalence of sexual abuse in boys revealed rates from... 

Ruppel, R.A., Kochanek, P.M., Adelson, P.D., Rose, M.E., Wisniewski, S.R., Bell, M.J., et al. (2001) Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children the role of child abuse. J Pediatr 138 18-25. 

Max, J.E., Smith, W.L., Lindgren, S.D., Robin, D.A., Mattheis, P., Stierwalt, J., and Morrisey, M. (1995). Case study obsessive-compulsive disorder after severe traumatic brain injury in an adolescent. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 34 45 9. 

Lang, C. and Remington, D. (1994) Treatment with propranolol of severe self-injurious behavior in a blind, deaf, retarded adolescent. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33 265—269. 

Davanzo, P.A. and King, B.H. (1996) Open trial of lamotrigine in the treatment of self-injurious behavior in an adolescent with profound mental retardation. 1 Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 6 273-279. 

Gatbet, H.J., McGonigle, J.J., Slomka, G.T., and Monteverde, E. (1992) Clomiptamine tteatment of stereotypic behaviors and self-injury in patients with developmental disahilities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31 1157-1160. 

Snead, R.W., Boon, E, and Presberg, J. (1994) Paroxetine for self-injurious behavior./ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33 909-910. 

FIGURE 43.1 Pharmacologic treatment algorithm for full syndrome pediatric PTSD. Based on a snythesis of consensus data and clinical reports in the adult and child literature. The author hers no responsibility for the use of this guideline by third parties. SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor NEE, nefaza-done SIB, self injurious behavior VLF, venlafaxine VPA, valproic acid. 

There have been numerous trials of use of the atypical antipsychotics in patients with developmental disabilities, but most of these trials were uncontrolled open-labeled studies or case reports (Aman and Madrid, 1999). Findings were reported for 86 adults and 1 child with prominent self-injury. The reports of adults assessed clozapine (1 report) and risperidone (4 reports). Improvement was observed for a majority of participants in all of these trials. The patients presented with a multitude of conditions, ranging from nonspecific MR and associated behavior problems, to pervasive developmental disorders (including autism), to various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and manic disorder. Self-injury appeared to respond to treatment regardless of concomitant condition. In the only clozapine report with a child (who had autistic disorder), a mean dose of 283 mg/day caused a transient reduction in self-injury. 

Pediatric patients who develop psychiatric syndromes following acute medical illness or injury or invasive procedures (e.g., a child who develops post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] following a motor vehicle accident and trauma a child who develops PTSD following stem cell transplantation)... 

In the event that an aggressive act leads to injury or even death, the clinical team should review the event and provide support to each other. In addition, depending on the situation, the clinical team may want to remain available to family members or guardians, as well as to others involved in the child s care, to provide support and education in the aftermath of such an event. 

Ricketts, R.W., Gota, A.B., Ellis, C.R., Singh, Y.N., Chamber, S., Singh, N.N., and Cooke, J.C. (1994) Clinical effects of buspirone on intractable self-injury in adults with mental retardation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33 270-276. 

Bernstein GA, Hughes JR, Mitchell JE, Thompson T. Effects of narcotic antagonists on self-injurious behavior a single case study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987 26 886-889. McDougle CJ, Holmes JP, Bronson MR, et al. Risperidone treatment of children and onset bipolar adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders a prospective, open label study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997 36 685-693. 

Furthermore, accidents and injuries are leading health concerns for child and adolescent populations (e.g., Ref. 128). In fact, unintentional injuries are among the leading causes of death for adolescents (129,130). Adolescents who are not able to obtain adequate sleep may struggle with lapses in attention and delayed responses that can affect their ability to safely operate hazardous or tech-... 

Centers for Disease Control, Division of Injury Control. Childhood injuries in the United States. Am J Dis Child 1990 144 626-646. 

The Pan American Health Organization. PAHO topics include child health, epidemiology, food and nutrition, gender and health, health promotion, injuries and violence, lifestyles, maternal health, non-communicable diseases, etc. 

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